September, ipip 



BETTER FRUIT 



Page 2/ 



in commercial cold storage are serious- 

 ly afTected, this despite the fact that it 

 has been demonstrated that suscepti- 

 bility to scald increases with a rise in 

 temperature, and theoretically, there- 

 fore, that apples held in cold storage 

 should be less susceptible to scald than 

 those held in the warmer air-cooled 

 storage. The unquestioned benefits of 

 the colder temperature secured in com- 

 mercial cold storage are largely nulli- 

 fied in many instances by the greater 

 tendency of apples to scald. What is 

 the reason? Some of our experiments 

 give illuminating evidence on this ques- 

 tion. We held Grimes, a very suscepti- 

 ble variety, under the following condi- 

 tions: (1) Constantly in cold storage 

 (direct expansion room) for seventeen 

 weeks; (2) constantly in ventilated cel- 

 lar storage during the same period; and 

 (3) a lot which was brought out of the 

 cold storage room at the end of five 

 weeks and held for a few hours in the 

 open air, then returned to cold storage 

 and brought out again after ten weeks 

 and held forty-eight hours before re- 

 turning to cold storage for the balance 

 of the seventeen weeks' period; that is, 

 we simply ventilated this last lot on 

 two occasions in the open air and re- 

 turned it to conditions identical with 

 those under which the first lot was 

 held. At the end of the seventeen 

 weeks all of the fruit was taken to a 

 warm room to permit the maximum of 

 scald development. After being sub- 

 jected to the higher temperatures we 

 found that the first lot developed an 

 average of 65% scald, the second lot 

 from 5% to 10%, and the third lot an 

 average of 15%, which indicates clearly 

 the influence of ventilation in the pre- 

 vention of scald. We found that with 

 the exception of a few tests on imma- 

 ture fruit, scald was prevented on all 

 varieties and at all temperatures at 

 which it occurs by stirring the storage 

 air. A continuous air movement over 

 the fruit of one-eighth to one-quarter 

 mile per hour has been sufficient to hold 

 the disease in check, but a more violent 

 stirring of the air once or twice a week 

 has given as good results as a contin- 

 uous gentle air movement. From these 

 facts it is natural to infer that apples 

 will scald more seriously in unventi- 

 lated rooms than where the air is fre- 

 quently or even occasionally changed. 

 It might be supposed that the direct 

 expansion system of cooling in com- 

 mercial cold storage plants would be 

 less satisfactory from this standpoint 

 than the bunker system. Theoretically 

 this should be true, but in practice we 

 find that there is frequently very little 

 difference, since the so-called "air cir- 

 culation" produced by the bunker sys- 

 tem changes the air so slowly, if at all, 

 that the air is not changed around the 

 apples. The rooms are usually tightly 

 packed with boxes, leaving no space to 

 provide for air circulation. In a large, 

 compact pile of boxed fruit there is 

 little chance for the apples in the in- 

 terior to secure any ventilation at all. 

 We find that best results obtain from so 

 stacking the boxes that air circulation 

 between stacks is provided for, and that 

 great benefits are obtained if the rooms 



THI5LICHT.5TEEL 



CUFF BRACKET 



.DOES IT I 



Pay When 

 Pleased 



— you don't send me a cent until you see what 

 you're buying! And I pay the freight! Just send 

 me your order NOW for two or more of the 



c ecurity 

 Ladder 



I will ship on approval, freight prepaid; you ex- 

 amine ladders, then send me the money — if you 

 don't like the ladders and their price fire them 

 back and I'll pay the return freight! 



But you will like the SECURITY. I have sent 

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Jill the following dealers handle the SECURITY: 



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Roseburg, Oregon Churchill Hardware Co. 



Salem, Oregon Ray L. Farmer Hardware Co. 



The Dalles, Oregon Walther-Williams Hardware Co. 



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Yakima, Washington A. F. Fosseen & Co. 



"-or write me direct for prices, booklet or shipment of two or 

 more ladders on approval, prepaid. Write TODAY. 



J. B.PATTERSON, Mfr. 



80 Franklin Street 



OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA 



Gasoline of QuaSty 



WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT 



