Page 10 



BETTER FRUIT 



November. 1919 



WITH A PURPOSE 



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TO ATTRACT ATTENTION 

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tion. He should select a soil suitable 

 to the varieties he wishes to grow. 



Proximity to water is important. 

 Orchards located near lakes or large 

 rivers are less liable to injury from rad- 

 ical climatic changes than those farther 

 away. Near large bodies of water the 

 development of vegetation in the spring 

 is retarded and the season is extended 

 in the fall. Immunity from late spring 

 frosts is practically insured. 



An Outlet for Your Product. 



Nearness to a shipping station is a 

 point to consider in selecting a location 

 for an orchard. As fruit is usually 

 grown in a commercial way for a dist- 

 ant market, it is well to locate where 

 there are competing lines of transpor- 

 tation, which usually enables one to se- 

 cure cheaper rates. 



One of the first and greatest problems 

 confronting the prospective grower is 

 the selecting of the proper varieties for 

 commercial planting. Several factors, 

 such as soil, climate, etc., must be taken 

 into consideration. A variety that does 

 well in one section probably will not do 

 equally as well in another, and the 



grower should confine his attention to 

 the varieties that flourish in his local- 

 ity. Nothing is gained by lamenting 

 over the fact that a certain variety can 

 not be grown that is bringing such 

 handsome returns in another section. 



The market demand is another factor 

 in the choice of varieties. The apples 

 that find readiest sales are those that 

 are fairly large and highly colored. The 

 American people prefer a highly col- 

 ored apple. Many of the yellow sorts, 

 however, are selling remarkably well, 

 especially in the English markets. 



In starting the commercial orchard, 

 the grower should insist on having 

 nothing but first-class trees, no matter 

 if the initial cost is a little greater. It 

 is seldom economy to buy cheap trees. 

 The following points constitute a first- 

 class tree: 



First, a well-grown, medium-sized 

 specimen. Second, a tree having char- 

 acteristics of the variety. Third, a tree 

 that is healthy and free from injurious 

 diseases and insects. 



If the growers are not familiar with 

 the variety he wishes to purchase, it 



will be well to deal through a reliable, 

 well-established firm in his locality and 

 also consult men you know are reliable 

 and up in those matters. It is then gen- 

 erally safe to rely upon the nursery- 

 man's judgment, for his business repu- 

 tation rests upon the service rendered. 

 As regards the age of trees to plant, 

 this section has been, and is now to a 

 certain extent, advising the selection of 

 two and three-year-old trees, though 

 some growers are now taking to 

 younger trees. Some prefer one-year- 

 old trees for the following reasons: 

 First, young trees make a more vigor- 

 ous growth than older ones. Second, in 

 removing from the nursery less of the 

 root system is left. Third, with the 

 root and stem system intact, the trans- 

 planted tree does not receive such a se- 

 vere shock. Fourth, the head can be 

 formed at any height to suit the con- 

 venience of the grower. Fifth, a bet- 

 ter yield is obtained. 



New Spraying Materials 



By Prof. R. B. Cruickshank. Ohio State University 



New materials and methods for the 

 control of insects and diseases are con- 

 stantly appearing, and if any of these 

 offer the fruit grower a saving in money 

 or time they became a matter of imme- 

 diate interest. 



Arsenate of calcium, as a substitute 

 for arsenate of lead, is beginning to 

 attract attention. Manufacturers have 

 been gradually improving it for the past 

 few years and it promises perhaps to 

 be a spray material which will do the 

 work of arsenate of lead at less cost. 

 Calcium arsenate runs 10 to 12 per cent 

 higher in arsenic oxide than lead arse- 

 nate powder, and at least 50 per cent 

 cheaper. Using the calcium arsenate at 

 the rate of one pound to fifty gallons, 

 this would mean a saving of about 15 

 cents per 50 gallons of spray. Calcium 

 arsenate has been found to be effective 

 against codling moth, perhaps does not 

 stick as long as lead arsenate, does not 

 injure foliage when used with either 

 liquid or dry lime-sulphur, bordeaux 

 mixture or lime. In Maine, for the past 

 two seasons, the percentage of mer- 

 chantable apples has been decidedly in 

 favor of the arsenate of calcium as com- 

 pared with arsenate of lead. A general 

 and universal recommendation of this 

 material would be dangerous, but it is 

 certainly worthy of trial by growers, as 

 it holds the possibility of a considerable 

 saving. 



Study Northwest Apple 

 Growing Methods 



A most interesting visitor at the office 

 of Better Fruit during the past month 

 was David H. Bundle, of the Australian, 

 Tasmanian and New Zealand fruitgrow- 

 ing world, who was on the Pacific Coast 

 studying fruit growing and packing 

 methods. Mr. Bundle is also interested 

 in cooperative fruit growing organiza- 

 tions as conducted in the Northwest, 

 with a view to organizing the growers 

 in the South Seas countries along co- 



