Page i8 



BETTER FRUIT 



November, 1919 



Timely Topics and Advice to the Fruitgrower 



Remember that an annual light pruning is 

 much better than a heavy pruning every few 

 years. 



Grapes are one of the few fruit crops that 

 require little preparation of the soil. 



Did you ever stop to think that praetically 

 all the work that is done in an orchard is 

 practically lost if the trees are not sprayed. 

 A high pressure and hard and thorough work 

 are essential in spraying an orchard properly. 

 Almost as important is getting the spray on at 

 the right time. In the enthusiasm of high 

 prices apple growers should not forget that 

 this is the time to spray for anthracnose and 

 that its inroads result in one of the most 

 serious conditions in an orchard. 



The time to secure humus for your intended 

 raspberry patch is before the plants are set. 

 Humus in a raspberry patch is more important 

 during the early growth of the plants than 

 later. A cover crop of clover in the previous 

 season to planting makes a fine soil condition 

 for the new berry patch, either raspberries or 

 strawberries. 



Do not leave rotten peaches, pears or apples 

 hanging on your trees after the harvest. Rotten 

 fruit left on the trees causes disease. This is 

 especially true of peaches, where what is 

 known as "mummies" develops, which even 

 spraying does not kill. This disease causes 

 the peach to shrivel up and hang onto the trees 

 throughout the year, scattering the disease 

 spores and ruining a great many peaches of 

 next year's crop. These "mummies" should 

 be picked off and burned. 



Apples that fall off the tree or are imperfect 

 may not keep well or And a ready sale, but 

 they can be used satisfactorily to make apple 

 products. These products are available for 

 home consumption throughout the entire year, 

 which is an advantage worthy of the consider- 

 ation of apple growers. The following recipes 

 recommended by the United States Department 

 of Agriculture will utilize the windfalls and 

 culls. Do not can any decayed part nor allow 

 apples to become overripe before canning. 

 Wash the apples, which must be reasonably 

 Qrm. Remove core and blemishes (pare if de- 

 sirable when for immediate use). Place whole 

 apples in blanching tray or blanching cloth 



>HE has a good time at her own party- 

 does the hostess who serves Ghirardelli's 

 Ground Chocolate. Whether it's an 

 "afternoon at home" — an informal 

 evening — or some guests who "drop 

 in" unexpectedly— Ghirardelli's offers 

 the happiest solution to the refreshment 

 problem. So delicious, so economical, 

 so easily made ! 



Never sold in bulk — but in cans only. 

 In % lb. , 1 lb. , and 3 lb. sealed cans — 

 at the store where you do your trading. 



Say "Gear-ar-deliy'' 



D. GHIRARDELLI CO. 



Since 1852 



San Francisco 



(Fi) 



GHIRARDEUIS 



Giound Chocolate 



and blanch in boiling water for two minutes. 

 Remove and plunge quickly into cold water. 

 Pack in large, empty glass jars or gallon tin 

 cans. Pour over the product a hot, thin syrup 

 of about 18 degrees density. This is made in 

 the proportion of 2Vt pounds of sugar to 5^4 

 quarts of water. Place rubber and top in posi- 

 tion. Seal partially, not tight. If using tin 

 cans, cap and tip completely. Process half- 

 gallon or gallon conlainei-s 20 minutes in boil- 

 ing water, in home-made or hot-water bath 

 outOt; 15 minutes in water-seal; 10 minutes in 

 steam pressure outfit, with Ave pounds of 

 steam pressure. Remove jars, tighten covers, 

 invert to cool, and test joints. Wrap in paper 

 and store. The lime of heating will have to be 

 varied according to ripeness and condition of 

 the fruit. Use just enough time to sterilize 

 perfectly, and yet not enough to change the 

 color or reduce the pulp to sauce. 



Ordinarily spraying solutions are considered 

 in quantities of 50 or 100 gallons and the pro- 

 portion for small doses is neglected. Large 

 trees may take up to 20 or 30 gallons of spray 

 and demand a sprayer of large capacity. An 

 apple tree 25 years old would need about 8 

 gallons of spray solution. The usual formula, 

 therefore, is given as so many pounds or gal- 

 lons to 50 or 100 gallons. The formulas can, 

 of course, be reduced but it is sometimes 

 puzzling to know just how much of the spray 

 material to use for one gallon of water, espe- 

 cially so when scales or a small measure are 

 not handy. To inform those who need but a 

 small quantity of spray, the California State 

 Department of Horticulture has just issued a 

 valuable little schedule for this purpose which 

 says: 



The most widely used spraying materials 

 for orchard and vineyard work are arsenate of 

 lead, lime-sulphur, blackleaf 40 and Hordeau.x 

 mixture. For shrubs and plants, soap, kero- 

 sene emulsion, hellebore, Paris green and to- 

 bacco water are often used in addition to 

 those mentioned for trees. 



Arsenate of Lead. — Arsenate of lead, either 

 paste or powder, is the most used insecticide 

 for chewing insects. Two teaspoonsful of the 

 paste mixed witli a little water and added to 

 one gallon of water will be strong enough for 

 caterpillars and other leaf eaters. Three and 

 a half teaspoonsful of the powder should be 

 used. 



Paris Green. — Paris green was one of the 

 first arsenical poisons, but is being replaced 

 by arsenate of lead. It may be used as a dust 

 witli lime or in water, one teaspoonful to two 

 and a half gallons. 



White Hellebore. — White hellebore is a 

 brown powder made from the roots of the 

 hellebore plant. It is poisonous to insects but 

 only sliglitly so to man and quickly loses its 

 toxic value. For this reason it is usually used 

 on mature fruits or vegetables. It may be 

 used dry with twice its bulk of flour or ten 

 teaspoonsful to a gallon of water. 



Tobacco Derivatives. — Blackleaf 40 is prob- 

 ably used more than any other nicotine prod- 

 uct for aphids. It should be used at the rate 

 of two teaspoonsful to a gallon of soapy water. 

 Tobacco water may be made by soaking a 

 pound of stems in two gallons of water. This 

 should never be boiled or the active agent will 

 be lost. 



Emulsions. — Kerosene emulsion may be made 

 in small quantities by using a generous half 

 cake of Ivory soap, or other neutral soap, a 

 pint of water and one quart of kerosene. Dis- 

 solve the soap in hot water and thoroughly 

 mix in the kerosene. For summer spraying, 

 use one part of the stock solution in ten parts 

 of water. Very often the desired results can 

 be obtained by washing or spraying a plant 

 with soap alone, using a little less than half 

 a cake of Ivory soap to a gallon of water. 



Lime-Sulphur. — Lime-sulphur is not often 

 used in very small quantities. For a small 

 apple tree, from four to five years old, from 

 one to two gallons of spray solution would be 

 needed. This would require about a pint of 

 concentrated material. 



Note. — These recommendations call for a 

 teaspoon level full. 



NOW is the time to send to 



Milton Nursery Company 



MILTON, OREOON 



FOR THEIR 1919 CATALOG. 



FULL LINE OF NURSERY STOCK. 



"G«nulii«iMM and Quality" 



WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT 



