December^ ipip 



direction of tlie brancii and the lower 

 branchies from side buds because of 

 tlieir position and exposure to liglit 

 assume lateral directions. It is often 



BETTER FRUIT 



shapely, and in a good, vigorous grow- 

 ing condition without reducing its 

 fruit production. No definite rules can 

 be given, but the skill of the grower 



Poge 5 



growing trees, are extreme measures 

 and are not to be advised under ordi- 

 nary conditions. If trees will not bear 

 good crops of fruit without these 



Figure 5. A .lonathan tree of the same age as Figure 4 

 but of better form. 



Figure C. A common type of trunk and base of the 

 framework of a nature fruiting Jonathan tree. 



advisable to develop lateral spreading 

 branches by first pruning to an inside 

 bud and the following year cutting 

 back to the second or third branch 

 which has assumed a distinctly lateral 

 direction. This is especially true with 

 Rome Beauty and Wagener. 



In pruning trees four years old, or 

 older, the extra care required to "cut 

 to a bud" is not worth while. Side 

 branches, however, that are removed 

 should be cut close to the parent 

 branch; and terminal branches, when 

 cut back to side branches, shoulil be 

 cut close so that no stubs are left. 



Fruiting Trees 



Green skin varieties may be per- 

 mitted to develop a more dense top 

 than red skin varieties; but a thick 

 top tends to shade and kill the interior 

 branches and twigs, and to cause the 

 production of fruit to be carried by 

 the branches further from the trunk. 

 This reduces the load of fruit that 

 can be carried by the tree and is not 

 desirable. Red skinned varieties 

 should have the tops of the trees kept 

 sufficiently open so that good strong 

 sunlight can reach past the center of 

 the tree top. This will maintain strong, 

 even development of the fruit spurs 

 and lateral fruiting branches, and se- 

 cure the maximum coloring of the 

 fruit. 



As the trees attain age, tiie amount 

 of pruning done on each tree should 

 be increased and the amount that 

 should be done will depend upon the 

 growth and develcipmont of each in- 

 dividual tree. Knough of the lop 

 should be removed to keep it open and 



will be measured by the degree of ac- 

 curacy of balance between his prun- 

 ing and other cultural oi)erations that 

 cause the tree to yield its maximum 

 quantity and quality of fruit annually. 

 Special practices in pruning, such 

 as girdling, stripping of the bark, and 

 other mechanical injuries intended to 

 induce fruit production on vigorously 



special treatments, they are not adapt- 

 ed to their location and should be 

 removed. 



(Editor's Note — This concludes the part one 

 of Professor Morris' article on "Practical 

 Pruning as Applied to Apples and Pears." 

 The second part which will include the 

 Season of Pruning, Pruning the Different 

 Varieties of Apples, Repairing Injured Trees 

 and Pruning Pear Trees will be published in 

 ihe January number.) 



Increasing the Production of Bush Fruits 



By W. H. Paulhamus, President of the Puyallup and Sumner Fruit Growers' Association 



THERE is now a decided tendency 

 toward a big development of the 

 b'ish fruit industry. The present de- 

 mand for jellies, jams, juice products 

 and preserves has given a new stim- 

 ulus lo the growing of bush fruits, con- 

 sisting of blackberries, red raspbcr- 

 lies, black raspberries, gooseberries, 

 red and black currants, loganberries 

 and phenomenal berries, and in fact 

 every other kind of berries that do so 

 well in our North Pacific Coast cli- 

 mate. 



A few years ago red raspberries 

 were a drug on the market at fou;' to 

 five cenis per i)ound, today the canncr 

 is paying the grower eight cents per 

 iioiind for the same pi'oduct, and is ini- 

 al)le lo secure a sufficient quantily to 

 lake care of his re(|uiremcnls. The old 

 evergreen blackberry that has been so 

 much of a pest to the average farmer 

 has certainly come into its own, with 

 a lesull that every canncr is anxious 

 lo secure all of the evergreen black- 

 berries that are oblainabic, and is wilt- 

 ing to pay a price ranging from five to 

 five and one-half cents per pound. In 



face, every cross-roads merchanl can 

 create a market for these blackberries 

 by arranging to put them in barrels tor 

 some responsible canner, and ship 

 them daily lo a cold storage plant, in 

 other words, the present prices of all 

 brush fruits should stimulate very 

 materially an increased production. 



The question that naturally arises 

 in the mind of Ihe man who has a 

 tew surplus acres of land is Ihe advisa- 

 bility of planting; what variety to 

 plant; how they should be i)lanted, and 

 the best method of handling after Ihe 

 planting is completed. 



In red raspberries the desirable 

 variety is the Cuthberl, for Ihe reason 

 Ihal it can be used in Jam making or 

 in canning in syrups. There is no 

 other red raspberry grown that has 

 sufficient texture lo withstand the 

 necessary processing retiiiiied in ]nit- 

 ting up in cans. Of course, in jam 

 making it doesn't make any difference 

 how much the berry is crushed up, 

 the jam is equally good, but this is not 



Continued on page 35. 



