BETTER FRUIT 



EDITOR: W. H. WALTON 



STATE ASSOCIATE EDITORS 



OREGON — C. I. Lewis, Horticulturist. 



WASHINGTON — Dr. A. L. Melandcr. Emoraologifit ; 

 O. M. Morris, Horticultiiiist. Pullman. 



COLORADO — C. P. Gillette, Director and Entomologi.'st ; 

 E. B. House, Irrigation Expert, State Agricultural College. 

 Fort Collins. 



ARIZONA— E P. Tasior. Horticulturist, Tucson. 



WISCONSIN— Dr. E. D. Ball, Madison. 



MONTANA— H. Thomber, Victor. 



CALIFORNIA— C. W. Woodworlli. Entomologist, Berke- 

 ley; W. H. Volck, Entomologist. Watsonville: Leon D. 

 Batchelor. Horticulturist. Riverside. 



INDIAN.\— H. S. Jackson, Patliologist. Lafasette. 



,\n Illustrated Magazine Devoted to the Interests 



of Modern, Progressive Fruit Gro-\\ing 



and Marketing. 



PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY 



Better Fruit Publishing Company 



703 Oregonian Building 



PORTLAND, OREGON 



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Entered as second-class matter April 22, 1918, 



at the PostofTice at Portland, Oregon, under 



Ihc Act of Congress of March 3, 1879. 



Volume XIV 



Portland, Oregon, May 1, 1920 



Number 11 



Raspberry Culture— Red, Black, Purple— In All Phases 



By George M. Darrow, Scientific Assistant, Office of Pomological and Horticultural Investigations, U. S. Department of Agriculture 



adapted to raspberry growing. Tiie 

 black and piiri)le varieties have not 

 proved to be well adapted to conditions 

 in the Pacific Coast states, although red 

 raspberries are grown very successfully 

 in that part of the country. In most of 

 the ("ireat I'lains area and in parts of 

 the mountain states of the west the 

 winters are too severe or the summers 

 too hot and (by for raspberry growing. 

 The raspberry plantation should be 

 located near a good market or good 

 shipijing point if it is to be most profit- 

 able. The roads to that market or ship- 

 ping point should be such that the ber- 

 ries will not be injured when hauled 

 over them. If the fruit is to be shipped 

 long distances it is essential that quick 

 transportation and refrigerator car 

 service is available. 



Site of a Plantation. 



Three important factors which should 

 be considered in the selection of a site 

 are the soil type, the moisture supply, 

 and the air drainage. 



Although the raspberry will succeed 



THREE types of raspberries (red, 

 black and purple) are grown ex- 

 tensively in the United States. Red 

 raspberries bear red fruit, have erect 

 canes, and usually are propagated by 

 the suckers which come from the roots 

 of the parent plant. Some of the varie- 

 ties under cultivation come from the 

 European and the rest from the Ameri- 

 can wild red raspberry. Among the 

 leading red varieties are the Cuthbert, 

 Ranere and King. 



Rlack raspberries, or blackcaps, bear 

 black fruit, have arched canes which 

 root at the tips in autumn, ami are 

 propagated by the plants formed at the 

 tips. All black varieties come from the 

 American black raspberrv-, which 

 grows wild in the eastern part of the 

 United States. Under cultivation they 

 are not, however, as hardy as some of 

 the red varieties whicii come from the 

 American wild red raspberries. The 

 (Iregg, Ohio, and (Aimberland are im- 

 portant commercial sorts of the black 

 type. 



The varieties uniler cultivation bear- 

 ing purple-colored fruit are hybrids be- 

 tween the red and black raspberries 

 and have canes that arch and root at 

 the tips, as do the black raspberries, 

 'fhe Columbian and Cardinal are lead- 

 ing purple sorts. 



Occasionally plants a])pear of both 

 red and black types which bear yellow 

 fruit, but the yellow varieties in culti- 

 vation belong to the red-fruited type. 

 The Colden Queen is fhe leading yel- 

 low-fruited vai'iety. It is rarely grown 

 for the general market, but is adapted 

 to home gardens and to special mar- 

 kets. 



The cultivation of the iaspberi\' is 

 limited very largely to the nortlurii 

 part of the United States, chielly to 

 those sections in which the wild rasp- 

 berries grow most abundantly. 



The red raspberry sections, from 

 which extensive shipments are made, 

 are located in southern New Jersey, in 

 the Hudson River Valley, in western 

 New York, in western Michigan, in the 

 Puyallup Valle>' of NVashington, and 

 about Sebastoiiol, California. The 

 acreage in southern New Jersey and in 

 the Puyallup Valley of Washington and 

 some sections of Oregon has been in- 



creasing rapidly in recent years and is 

 now much larger than formerly. 



Black raspberries are grown foi- com- 

 mercial shipment in western New York, 

 in western Michigan, in the sections 

 about Wathena, Kansas, and Hagers- 

 town, Maryland, and to a less extent in 

 other places. There are few planta- 

 tions in the southern states or on the 

 Pacific Coast. 



The purple varieties are grown ex- 

 tensively in western New York only, 

 although for local market and home 

 use their range is aliout the same as 

 that of the blackcap. 



Location of a Plantation. 



Particular attention should be given 

 to the locality in which the raspberry 

 plantation is to be established. 



The hot summers of the south are not 

 favorable to the production of this 

 fruit, which is a native of states having 

 a cool climate. There are few planta- 

 tions south of Virginia, Tennessee, and 

 Missouri, and even the warmer parts 

 of Virginia and Tennessee are not well 



.-■.i^^isa 



^ 





A licld cif ('iillibfii imn! rasplK'ri'ios pl;uit('(l in lU'cordancr with the hedge system. The 

 einies arc pruned Imek ill [he spring, so thiit tliey will support the crop of rniitt. 



Photo taken at Webster, New York. 



