May, 1920 



BETTER FRQIT 



Page 15 



Bone meal may be treated in the same 

 manner. The product thus formed is 

 called acidulated bone meal. 



"Large deposits of rock phosphate are 

 being mined in Idaho and Utah now, 

 and will soon be placed on the market. 

 A considerable amount of this material 

 is to be shipped to Japan through Port- 

 land. This should undoubtedly lower 

 the price of super-phosphate in this 

 section of the country, and make rock 

 phosphate available for use as a fertil- 

 izer, which has not been true in the 

 past." 



Super-phosphate should be applied 

 previous to seeding at the rate of 200 

 pounds per acre, advises Professor 

 Ruzek. For truck crops larger amounts 

 are applied. Steam bone meal is used 

 at the rate of 300 to 500 pounds per 

 acre. Where applied in combination 



with organic matter the amount can be 

 reduced. 



To get the best results fertilizers should 

 be thoroughly mixed or incorporated 

 into the soil by a regular fertilizer dis- 

 tributor, or spread broadcast after plow- 

 ing and disked or harrowed in. 



"Phosphate fertilizers should be ap- 

 plied in combination with barnyard ma- 

 nure," continued Professor Ruzek. 

 "Ordinary farm manure is low in phos- 

 phorous. A ton contains 10 pounds of 

 nitrogen, five pounds of phosphoric 

 acid, and 12 pounds of potash. It can 

 be readily seen, therefore, that it is a 

 good principle to reinforce manure 

 with some form of phosphorous fertil- 

 izer. \Mien super-phosphate is mixed 

 with the calcium sulphate in the ma- 

 nure it prevents the escape of ammonia 

 as a gas, from the manure." 



A New Disinfectant for Blight Control Work 



By F. C. Reimer, Southern Oregon Experiment Station, Talent, Oregon 



IN the work of the Southern Oregon 

 Experiment Station during 1918 it 

 was found that bichloride of mercury 

 1 to 500 will not destroy pear blight 

 bacteria (Bacillus amylovorus) on the 

 wounds of pear trees, but that it will 

 destroy them on the metal tools used 

 in blight eradication work. It was also 

 found that cyanide of mercury 1 to 500 

 will destroy the bacteria on the wounds 

 of pear trees, but is not always effective 

 in destroying them on metal tools. 



It is very evident that the use of two 

 disinfectants in blight control work is 

 objectionable. A disinfectant should be 

 found which will be effective on both 

 the wounds and on the metal tools. In 

 some preliminary experimental work 

 during the summer of 1919 a combina- 

 tion of these two disinfectants was tried 

 using one gram of cyanide of mercury 

 and one gram of bichloride of mercury 

 in 500 cc of water. This disinfectant 

 in this preliminary work proved effect- 

 ive on both the wounds of pear trees to 



which blight bacteria had been applied, 

 and also on metal tools used in blight 

 eradication work. 



Extensive work with these and other 

 disinfectants will be carried on during 

 the summer of 1920. 



The methods used in making these 

 tests, and the results obtained during 

 1918, are fully described in Better 

 Fruit for April, 1919. 



Oregon Loganberry Industry 



More than a million dollars worth of 

 loganberry juice was manufactured in 

 Oregon in the year 1916, says Professor 

 Henry Hartman of the Department of 

 Horticulture at the Agricultural Col- 

 lege. An extensive investigation of the 

 loganberry districts shows that there 

 has been a steady growth of the indus- 

 try with many new growers going into 

 the commercial field and with an ex- 

 tension of old plantations. 



■'The demand for loganberry plants 



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has been so great this year," said Pro- 

 fessor Hartman, "that the available sup- 

 ply was bought up in a short lime. This 

 indicates that extensive plantings are 

 to be made this spring, since a large 

 crop of young plants were grown by 

 the various nurseries last year." 



The loganberry, like most brambles, 

 does best in deep, well-drained, easily 

 worked loam soil. It can be made profit- 

 able, however, on both heavy and light 

 soils with sufficient fertilizer and mois- 

 ture control. It is a gross feeder and 

 will stand large amounts of fertility in 

 the soil, barnyard manure being best. 

 Commercial fertilizers where tried for 

 new plantations have not proved of suf- 

 ficient worth to warrant their use. Old 

 plantations growing on light, sandy 

 loam may be benefited by their use. 



These berries may be propagated by 

 allowing roots to start at ends or "tips" 

 of old canes. In this manner it is pos- 

 sible to raise 1500 to 4000 "tips" per 

 acre. 



If these tips are used for planting it 

 is better to plant them in the spring, 

 whereas if older plants are used, plants 

 of two seasons' growth, they may be set 

 either in the spring or fall, at the con- 

 venience of the grower. 



If lightish-gray spots appear on the 

 leaves and canes or on the drupelets, 

 the affected parts should be removed 

 and burned. If new canes are seriously 

 infected they should be sprayed witli 

 bordeaux mixture 4-4-50 which destroys 

 this disease, known as anthracnose. 



The average yield for loganberries is 

 300 to 400 24-pound crates to the acre, 

 although yields up to 600 crates are 

 not uncommon. When sold fresh or 

 for cannery purposes, drying, or for 

 juice manufacture, the price will range 

 from 10 to 14 cents a pound. Gross re- 

 turns per acre have been found to run 

 from $500 to $800. 



Peach Crop Estimate Cut 

 3,000,000 Bushels 



The United States Bureau of Crop 

 Estimates in a report issued recently 

 says that the commercial peach crop is 

 now passing through a critical stage in 

 many parts of the country. The condi- 

 tion figure refers to conditions up until 

 April 10. Late telegraphic reports indi- 

 cate thant many parts of the middle 

 west and south have suffered from 

 frosts the past few days so that any 

 quantity estimate this time is tentative. 



In general the crop promises to be 

 practically full in California and Geor- 

 gia, the two leading peach states. The 

 crop in Ohio and Michigan promises to 

 be good, as trees in these states win- 

 tered in good condition and are well 

 set with buds. The Arkansas, Texas, 

 Oklahoma, Missouri crop promises to 

 be very light due to the severe freeze 

 which occurred in these states the first 

 week in April. 



In the far west the Utah peach crop 

 promises to be very much less than last 

 year and many sections of the state are 

 nearly a failure. The famous Palisade 

 section of Colorado also suffered from 

 winter injury and has about half a 

 crop. The Northwest crop in Washing- 



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