rage 30 



BETTER FRUIT 



May, IQ20 



Treatment of Woolly Aphid, Etc. 



Continued from page 12. 



cessary and the spraying can be done 

 at any lime of the summer. There is 

 little to be gained by spraying when 

 the trees are dormant or in early 

 spring. Possibly the best dates for 

 treatment would be either in early 

 .June when the spring migrants have 

 reached the apple and before the aphids 

 have had a chance to penetrate to the 

 roots, or in late August before the fall 

 migrants have flown away. Distillate 

 emulsion or proprietary summer sprays 

 of miscible oil or the customary aphis 

 spray of nicotine extract plus soap may 

 be utilized against the wooly aphid. 

 Even in case of light infestation, such 

 amateur treatments as swabbing colon- 

 ies with kerosene, gasoline or melted 

 tallow may sufTice. 



Recent experiments by the U. S. Bu- 

 reau of Entomology have developed a 

 fairly successful treatment for the root 

 form. This consists of soaking the 

 ground around the infested trees, using 

 a 1-10 of one per cent water solution 

 of carbon disulphid. This is a satur- 

 ated solution and can be prepared by 

 injecting the carbon disulphid into the 

 water and agitating until dissolved. The 

 woolly aphid rarely occurs more than 

 a foot below the surface and thus is 

 within easy reach of this treatment, but 

 the ground must be wetted completely 

 under the tree as far from the trunk as 

 the length of the branches. Only par- 

 tially successful have been soil treat- 

 ments with kerosene emulsion, lime sul- 

 phur, tobacco dust or cyanide solution. 



STATEMENT OP THE OWNERSHIP, MANAGEMENT. 



CIKCULATION, ETC.. REQUIRED BY THE ACT 



OF CONGRESS OP AUGUST 24. 1912. 



of the Better Fruit, published monthly at Portland. Oregon. 



for April 1, 1920. 



State of Oregon, County of Multnomah — Before me, a 

 notary public in and for the state ajid county aforesaid, 

 personally appeared D. L. Carpenter, who. having been 

 duly sworn according to law. deposes and saya that he la 

 the buslnesfl manager of Better Fruit, and that the fol- 

 lowing l3, to the beet of hs knowledge and belief, a true 

 statement of the ownership, management (and if a dally 

 paper, the circulation), etc.. of the aforesaid publication 

 for the date shown in the above caption, required by the 

 act of August 24. 1912. embodied In section 443, postal 

 laws and regulations, printed on the reverse of this form, 

 to-wlt: 



1. That the names and addresses of the publisher, 

 editor, managing editor and business managers are: 



Publisher. Better Fruit Publishing Co.. Inc.. 800 Orego- 

 nlan Building. Portland, Oregon. 



Editor, E. E. FaviUe, 800 Oregonlan Building, Portland, 

 Oregon. 



Managing editor, none. 



Business manager. D. L. Carpenter. 800 Oregonlan Build- 

 ing. Portland. Oregon. 



2. That the owners are; (Give names and addresses of 

 individual owners, or. if a corporation, give its name and 

 the names and addresses of stockholders owning or holding 

 1 per cent or more of the total amount of stock.) 



Owner. Better Fruit Publishing Co.. Inc.. Portland. 

 Oregon. 



Stockholders. D. L. Carpenter. 800 Oregonlan Building. 

 Portland. Oregon. 



E. E. Favllle, 800 Oregonlan Building, Portland, Oregon. 



A. W. Stypes, 800 Oregonlan Building, Portland, Oregon, 



3. That the known bondholders, mortgagees and other 

 security holders owning or holding 1 per cent or more of 

 total amount of bonds, mortgages or other securities are: 

 (If there are none, so state.). None. 



4. That the two paragraphs next above, giving the 

 names of the owners, stockholders and security holders. If 

 any, contain not only the list of stockholders and security 

 holders as they appear upon the books of the company, but 

 also, in cases where the stockholder or security holder 

 appears upon the books of the company as trustee or in any 

 other fiduciary relation, the name of the person or corpo- 

 ration for whom such trustee is scting is given : also that 

 the said two paragraphs contain statements embracing 

 affiant's full knowledge and belief as to the circumstances 

 and conditions under which stockholders and security hold- 

 ers who do not appear upon the books of the company ai 

 trustees, hold stock and securities in a capacity other than 

 that of a bona fide owner, and this alHant has no reason 

 to believe that any other person, association or corpora- 

 tion has any interest, direct or indirect, in the said stock, 

 bonds or other securities than as so stated by him. 



5. That the average number of copies of each issue of 

 this publication sold or distributed, through the mails or 

 otherwise, to paid subscribera during the ell months pre- 

 ceding the date shown aljove is: (The information is re- 

 quired from daily publications only.) 



D. L. CARPENTER, 

 Business Manager. 

 Suom to and subscribed before me this 30th day of 

 March, 1920. H. R. SHAW, 



(Seal.) Notary Public for Oregon. 



(My commission expires September 21, 1921.) 



In treating the soil it is suggested to 

 scrape back the upiier few inches from 

 the tree, and not to have the ground 

 soaked with irrigation water before 

 applying the carbon disulphid. 



To prevent migralion back and forth 

 between the underground and branch 

 forms, which takes place at any time 

 during the summer, some growers ad- 

 vise banding the trunk with strips of 

 burlap painted wilh a mixture of equal 

 parts of rosin and castor oil melted to- 

 gether. Packing a good layer of loose 

 sand around the base of the trunk is 

 said to accomplish the same result since 

 tlie aphids are too delicate to force their 

 way through sand or compact earth and 

 their movements are limited to cracks 

 in the ground. 



In conclusion the part played by the 

 elm tree in the life cycle of the woolly 

 aphid must not he overlooked when 

 planning the control of the pest. Should 

 fall migrants be observed flying to near- 

 by elms, should winter eggs be discov- 

 ered in the cracks of the bark, or should 

 the opening leaves develop colonies of 

 honey-dewed plant lice in the spring, 

 the logical course is to check the insect 

 before it spreads to the apple trees. The 

 same kerosene emulsion may be used in 

 the early spring against the leaf-curling 

 generation on the elm. 



Bits About Fruit, Fruitmen 

 and Fruitgrowing 



Aecoiding to the JFarket Reporter, published 

 by the U. S. Bureau of Markets, the North- 

 western apple season, now closing, has been 

 the greatest, from llie vie\\point of production, 

 in the history of the box apple industry. Two 

 years ago almost 2.3.000 cars were shipped from 

 tlie four states, Washington, Oregon, Idaho and 

 Montana. This season, final shipment reports 

 will probably show a total of 33,000 cars, 

 which is far in excess of what was expected 

 when the season opened. Dealers anticipated 

 a comparative shortage of apples, taking the 

 country as a whole. Remembering the heavy 

 export demand last spring and the high prices 

 they competed actively in producing sections. 

 Buyers paid unusually high prices and the 

 growers reaped a golden harvest. Final figures 

 will show that the Wenatchee district shipped 

 over 11,000 cars. Yakima district over 10,000 

 cars. Southern Idaho about 3,300 cars. Hood 

 River approximately 3,400 cars, Spokane dis- 

 trict 2,400 cars and the Walla Walla-Milton- 

 Freewater district 1,200 cars. On Maich 1 it 

 was estimated tinotriciallv that the Northwest 

 had from 3,200 to 3,500 cars still on hand, 

 mostly in the Wenatchee and Yakima districts. 

 Telegraphic reports of shipments during 

 March showed that 2,200 cars had moved dur- 

 ing the month, leaving somewhat over 1,000 

 cars still at points of shipment. 



Shipment of apples to English markets prac- 

 tically ceased the second week in April. This 

 condition was partly the result of the fact that 

 Tasmanian apples are usually due to arrive 

 in England by April 15. 



While some of the recent shipments to the 

 British Isles have netted high prices, the sea- 

 son as a whole, has been unsatisfactory. Re- 

 cent sales of California Newton Pippins have 

 brought .?4. 621/2 per box. while Ben Davis, 

 Starks, and Russets have brought as high as 

 .?13.19'o per barrel. 



The iiigh prices which prevailed during the 

 early domestic market season, together with the 

 difference in exchange, resulted in many of the 

 large operators handling export goods only in 

 limited quantities. 



The United Kingdom usually receives fully 

 two-thirds of the total shipments of apples 

 from the United States. In the 1918-19 season 

 the United Kingdom received 1,016,945 barrels 

 out of 1,576,348 barrels exported. 



The 1917-18 figuies suggest the effect of the 

 shipping and trade embargoes in force at that 

 time. Total exports dropped from 1,739,997 

 barrels in 1916-17 to 635,409 barrels the follow- 

 ing season. Exports during the six months 

 September to February, inclusive, 1919-20, 

 show considerable activity, with total of 757,- 



782 barrels compared with 1,077,432 barrels 

 for corresponding months in 1918-19 and 494,- 

 747 barrels for same months in 1917-18, but 

 still much below the figures for the same pe- 

 riod in 1910-17, when shipments were 1,530,979 

 barrels. 



The New York customs district leads in 

 apple expoits with 510,154 ban-els in the 

 season of 1918-19 and Massachusetts district 

 ranks second, shipping 411,181 barrels in that 

 season. Shipments from New York and Bos- 

 ton include much stock from some of the more 

 distant producing sections. 



H. F. Davidson, owner of extensive apple 

 orchards at Hood River and a New York hand- 

 ler of apple crops from other sections of the 

 Northwest, who recently returned to the coast 

 after an examination of orchards at Hood 

 River is of the opinion that notwithstanding 

 the reported frost damage Hood River can 

 expect another big apple crop this year. The 

 Bai'tlctt pear crop is expected to be light, 

 while the cherry crop is expected to be about 

 normal. Mr. Davidson calls attention to the 

 fact that the warehousing situation at this end 

 of the business must be greatly improved to 

 secure better results and that steps must be 

 taken to overcome the car shortage. 



■Toseph Steinhardt, the veteran New York 

 fruitman, who suffered an attach of pneu- 

 monia following his visit to the Western Fruit 

 .Tobbei's* Convention at Seattle, is now reported 

 to have fully recovered and to have returned 

 to the fruit marketing game with all his old- 

 time vigor. 



The Stark Rrothers' Nursery Company, which 

 originated the red and golden Delicious apple, 

 now so well known in the Northwest, have 

 inaugurated a contest to secure extra fine speci- 

 mens of these varieties of apples. To conduct 

 the contest the company has set aside 13,000 

 which it will pay for the best ten specimens 

 from each state in the United States, and from 

 Canada and Mexico for three years. The an- 

 nual prize in each state and Canada and Mex- 

 ico amounts to .?20 per year — $10 for each 

 variety. 



A circular letter recently sent out by ,T. H. 

 Gourlcy, professor of horticulture at the New 

 Hampshire College says that it is a startling 

 fact that the apple crop in that state has de- 

 clined from approximately a million barrels 

 per year to about 125,000 barrels and that 

 this decrease has come within a comparatively 

 short time. This decrease Professor Gourley 

 says is due largely to lack of care to the trees 

 and he is calling upon the orchardists of the 

 state to adopt modern methods in the manage- 

 ment of their orchards. 



In a ruling recently made by Richard T. 

 Eddy, examiner for the Interstate Commerce 

 Commission, he decided against any distance 

 adjustment of freight rate increases on apples 

 shipped east from the Northwest, as requested 

 by the Public Service Commissions of Wash- 

 ington and Oregon in an action instituted on 

 behalf of the apple industry, when the 25 per 

 cent increase in freight rates generally was 

 made two years ago, according to telegraphic 

 advices received from Olympia. 



Examiner Eddy, who heard evidence and 

 argument at Portland last fall, maintains in 

 his findings that Washington apples success- 

 fully compete with eastern-grown fruit in New 

 York: and other Atlantic markets, despite the 

 increased freight charge from the Northwest, 

 which will amount to 25 cents a hundred 

 pounds, a total freight charge of $1.25 a box, 

 or 1214 cents a box in New York, added to the 

 present selling price. 



The Washington commission's opposition to 

 a blanket increase of 25 per cent ordered by 

 the railroad administration in 1918 was 

 founded on the unequal application of the 

 rate on long hauls and short hauls to competi- 

 tive points. The 25 per cent increase on the 

 18-cent rate from Rochester, New York, to New 

 York City amounted to slightly more than two 

 cents, and from Winchester, Virginia, to less 

 than six cents per 100 pounds, while the same 

 ratio imposed 25 cents more on northwestern 

 apples shipped to compete with the New York 

 and Virginia fruit, the Northwest increase 

 amoiutting to more than the total increased 

 freight charge on New York and Virginia- 

 grown fruit. 



By a trip east. Commissioners Blaine and 

 Cleland obtained a modification of the apple 

 rate in 1918, which it was estimated, saved the 

 Yakima and Wenatchee growers a million dol- 

 lars on that year's crop. 



In continuation of this fight, the Public 

 Service Commission sent .Assistant Attorney- 

 General Burgunder to Washington to oppose 

 afTirmation by the Interstate Commerce Com- 

 mittee of the examiner's findings. 



