May, 1920 



formerly grew. Sometimes it is well 

 to set red raspberries as much as three 

 inches deeper than they grew, in order 

 to protect them from drought. Black 

 and purple raspberry plants should be 

 set not more than an inch or two deeper 

 than they formerly stood, as there is 

 danger of smothering the tips. 



An inexpensive method of setting the 

 plants is to have the rows marked out 

 previously and have the plants dropped 

 every three feet along the row. The 

 spade is thrust into the ground, the 

 handle pushed forward, and the root 

 placed in the space thus opened. The 

 spade is next withdrawn and the earth 

 firmed about the roots. Plants should 

 not be dropped much ahead of those 

 who are setting them, however, as ex- 

 posure to the sun and wind weakens 

 the roots. 



Moisture Supply in the Soil. 



From the time raspljerry plants are 

 set, they need an ample supply of mois- 

 ture, and they are affected more quickly 

 and seriously when it is deficient than 

 most other fruit plants. In the sections 

 where the highest average yields of red 

 raspberries are obtained, often 6,000 

 quarts of fruit per acre are secured. 

 The average for the whole country, 

 however, is not more than 1,500 quarts 

 and this difference is due almost wholly 

 to a difference in the moisture supply. 

 In the sections referred to as giving 

 the highest yields, a deep soil furnishes 

 a uniform and ample supply of mois- 

 ture at all times. To secure the best 

 results, therefore, the grower should, 

 by tillage and by supplying humus, 

 maintain a uniform and ample moisture 

 content in his soil, not only during the 

 growing and ripening of the fruit but 

 also while the canes are developing. 

 Some growers make it a regular prac- 

 tice each year to mulch their fields to 

 a depth of several inches with straw, 

 leaves, or green hay. When this prac- 

 tice is followed, the cost is great but the 

 moisture supply is retained well. 



In semi-arid and arid regions where 

 irrigation is practiced, the fruiting sea- 

 son is longer than in most humid or non- 



BETTER FRUIT 



irrigated sections. Tlie use of irrigation 

 in the eastern states of late has extended 

 the picking season and made the plants 

 thriftier. Larger yields of fruit of the 

 Ranere raspberry in the summer and 

 fall have followed the irrigation of that 

 variety and made it profitable in some 

 sections of the East. 



In the semi-arid and arid regions of 

 the Pacific Coast, irrigation should be- 

 gin almost as soon after the rainy sea- 

 son as is necessary for garden crops 

 and should be continued at least until 

 after the picking season is over. The 

 freeiuency of irrigation will depend 

 upon the local climate, the soil type, 

 and the management of the soil. In 

 Southern California, the plantations 

 should be irrigated as often as every 

 week during the fruiting season, and 

 about once in two or three weeks dur- 

 ing the rest of the dry season. A culti- 

 vator should be run between the rows 

 after each application of water. When 

 this is done the irrigation need not be 

 so frequent, and the soil will be kept 

 in better condition than without such 

 tillage. Under such treatment the Sur- 

 prise red raspberry will produce not 

 only a good second crop of fruit during 

 the late summer or early fall in some 

 parts of California, but also some fruit 

 almost continuously from the first pick- 

 ing in the spring until late autumn. In 

 arid and semi-arid sections other than 

 California such frequent irrigation is 

 not often used; its frequency is deter- 

 mined by local conditions. 



In the humid sections of the eastern 

 states, irrigation should be used chiefly 

 or entirely during the growth and rip- 

 ening of the fruit and will pay only 

 when an ample moisture supply can not 

 be maintained by tillage. As the rasp- 

 berry ripens its crop during the sum- 



Page J7 



mer when droughts are likely to occur, 

 growers have found irrigation profit- 

 able. 



Intercropping. 

 In order to reduce the cost of in- 

 tensive cultivation of a raspberry plan- 

 tation during the first year after set- 

 ling, other crops that need cultivation 

 during the spring and early summer 

 months may be grown between the 

 rows. Among the crops best suited to 

 this use are the tomato, cabbage, cauli- 



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