June, ip20 



headed trees also have their trunks 

 shaded during the summer, and the sun- 

 loving beetles will not alight upon them 

 to deposit eggs. 



Eggs may be deposited upon perfectly 

 healthy bark, but the young borers 

 which hatch from eggs so placed are 

 not able to develop, probably for the 

 reason that their burrows, as soon as 

 they extend to the growing tissue, be- 

 come filled with sap and the borer has 

 to recede or be drowned. 



BETTER FRUIT 



Adult flat-headed apple tree borer. Enlarged. 



Newly transplanted trees sustain the 

 greatest loss from this insect because 

 it is impossible to avoid a period of re- 

 tarded growth following the removal 

 of the trees. After being transplanted, 

 trees should be watched carefully 

 throughout the summer and the borers 

 removed with a knife before they have 

 had time to make deep wounds in the 

 bark and wood. The knife should be 

 used with great care to avoid unneces- 

 sary cutting of the bark at a time when 

 the tree is already weakened. An ex- 

 cellent practice where trees are planted 

 near woodlands, or in any position 

 where flat-headed borers are likely to 

 be numerous, is to shade the trunk of 

 the tree by means of a board driven 



Pupa; of flatliiadcd apple tree borer. F.nUirgcd. 



into the ground on the south side of 

 and close to the tree. The shadow on 

 the trunk repels the female beetles 

 while they are looking for places in 

 which to deposit eggs. Boards six in- 

 ches wide and slightly longer than the 

 trunks of the trees are suitable fur this 

 purpose. 



The beetles during the period of egg- 

 laying make short and frequent flights 

 to examine all sorts of trees and logs. 

 Through this habit they may be trapped 

 by setting poles post-fashion in the or- 

 chard and covering them with some 

 lasting sticky material that will en- 



Page 5 



of the trunk and larger branches should 

 also be covered with a coat of paint. 



In any case where paint is applied, 

 it is well to see that the coat is in good 

 condition immediately following the 

 blooming period of apple, for it is at 

 about this time that the beetles appear 

 and begin egg laying. Kerosene emul- 

 sion, nicotine sulphate solutions, soapy 

 and alkaline washes, and other pene- 

 trating caustic and poisonous mate- 

 rials iiave been applied as sprays and 

 in other ways to infested trees in the 

 hope that enough of the materials 

 would soak through the bark to kill 

 the borers. Such treatments, however, 

 have usually proved disappointing, al- 

 though in some cases, when applied 

 early in the season, a considerable por- 

 tion of the very small borers have been 

 destroyed. Burlap or paper wrapped 

 around the trunks of trees will prevent 

 the beetles from ovipositing on the 

 bark. When this method is used, the 

 wrappers should extend from the 

 ground to the branches, and should be 

 tied at the top and mounded with earth 

 at the bottom. The wrappers should 

 be removed at the end of the egg-laying 

 season. 



Dying trees and newly cut logs and 

 prunings should never be left standing 

 or lying about the orchard from one 

 season to another. This applies to trap 

 poles and logs used to catch the beetles 

 and to dying wood of fruit and forest 

 trees of almost any kind. Such wood 

 may contain numbers of flat-headed 

 liorers tliat would change to beetles in 

 the spring and deposit eggs within the 

 orchard trees, providing tliereby for a 

 new generation of borers. All such 

 wood should be burned during the au- 

 tunm or winter or in the early spring 

 before the blooming time of apple 

 trees. 



l-"lat-heaili-(l apple tree borer feeding between 

 the bark and wood of apple tree. 



Fl:.t-headed apple tree borer in pupal eell in 

 heart of young apple tree. 



tangle and hold the beetles when they 

 alight. Newly cut logs of almost any 

 size can be made to answer the same 

 purpose by placing them in the orchard 

 and treating the surface with some 

 sticky substance. Oak, hickory, chest- 

 nut, willow, or almost any kind of 

 poles or logs may be used, as the beetles 

 do not appear to discriminate before 

 alighting. 



When trunks of trees are injured ac- 

 cidentally by cultivators or other tools 

 the torn fragments of the bark should 

 be pared away and the whole injured 

 surface treated with a heavy coat of 

 white lead paint or some good tree 

 paint. This will prevent borers from 

 entering around the borders and ex- 

 tending the wounded area. 



Occasionally the bark of a tree is 

 badly bruised by hail, the injury being 

 folldwed by flat-headed borer attacks. 

 In such cases, where possible, the trees 

 should be stimulated by cultivation and 

 fertilization to make a quick, strong 

 growth in order to prevent or over- 

 come borer injury. The bruised surface 



UNQUESTIONABLY 



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 to fruit growing have made 

 the Northwest a great fruit 

 growing center, with possi- 

 bihties of extensive develop- 

 ment. 



C Modern methods applied 

 to banking have made the 

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 pre-eminently the ally of the 

 horticulturist. Its facilities, 

 service and the personal in- 

 terest of its officers are at 

 your disposal. 



THt FIRST NATIONAL BANK. 



I Of PORTLAND ORLCON oi 



at THt riBST • NATIONAL BANK wtST SK 

 J»j OF THt ROCkV MOUNTAINS «-«(> 



