January, ip20 



BETTER FRUIT 



Codling Moth Control vs. Extermination 



By P. S. Darlington. District Horticultural Inspector, Wenatchee. Washington 



THE codling moth was introduced 

 into the State of Washington many 

 years ago and has pretty thoroughly 

 disseminated itself over the older apple 

 growing sections of the state. 



Had it been possible during the early 

 development of the apple industry in 

 this state to prevent the introduction 

 of this pest or to stamp out at the be- 

 ginning any slight infestation, it would 

 have been worth many millions of dol- 

 lars to the state. In 1918 the Wenat- 

 chee district alone spent about $500,000 

 in an attempt to control this pest and 

 then took a direct loss from its ravages 

 of about $1,000,000. It is estimated that 

 the State of Washington in the same 

 year spent about .$1,500,000 in an at- 

 tempt to control the pest and then took 

 a direct loss of $4,000,000. 



In contrast to this, the Province of 

 British Columbia had no direct loss 

 from codling worms in 1918. In Brit- 

 ish Columbia, it has not been a matter 

 of codling moth control, it has been a 

 matter of codling moth extermination. 

 Codling moth has been introduced into 

 British Columbia. In fact, there have 

 been some fifteen outbreaks of cod- 

 ling moth in the different fruit growing 

 sections of the Province, but in each 

 case a quarantine has been thrown 

 around the infested area and rigid mea- 

 sures taken to stamp out the pest be- 

 fore it became widespread. Today 

 British Columbia has 40,000 acres of 



orchard, mostly apples. In 1918 these 

 orchards produced about 3000 carloads 

 of apples and production is rapidly on 

 the increase and still British Columbia 

 is a codling worm free Province with 

 the exception of two or three small 

 areas now under quarantine and in 

 process of moth extermination. 



The commercial apple industry in 

 Washington is older than the commer- 

 cial apple industry in British Colum- 

 bia. Perhaps at the beginning of the 

 apple industry in this state and at the 

 time of codling moth introduction, life 

 history and combative measures were 

 not sufTiciently well known to make a 

 campaign of extermination practicable. 

 Consequently, we have developed con- 

 trol measures rather than a process of 

 extermination, but if it had been prac- 

 ticable in the beginning, I think all will 

 agree that a process of extermination 

 would have been much better. 



If a process of extermination would 

 have been better in the beginning, the 

 question now arises to what extent if 

 any can it be applied now? Let us 

 consider this point. There are in this 

 state certain apple growing localities 

 of more or less limited area to which 

 the codling moth has not yet migrated, 

 or in which there may be as yet only 

 a very slight infestation. I can mention 

 a number of such localities in the We- 

 natchee district, which includes all of 

 Chelan, Douglas, Okanogan and Grant 



■ Page 2J 



counties. Portions of the Okanogan 

 Valley are, I believe, free from codling 

 wornis. A large portion of the Okano- 

 gan Valley is only very slightly in- 

 fested. I believe the Methow Valley is 

 practically free from worms except for 

 a few small orchards at the mouth. The 

 Manson district is only very slightly in- 

 fested. The Entiat Valley is almost free. 

 The upper end of the Wenatchee Valley 

 is only slightly infested. I am not so 

 familiar with other parts of the State, 

 but I feel sure that there are similar 

 areas in the Yakima district and in 

 other portions of the state. 



Are the growers in these uninfested, 

 or slightly infested areas, going to play 

 a game of watchful waiting while the 

 worms slowly encroach upon them year 

 by year until their orchards finally be- 

 come just as badly infested as those in 

 the older districts? That has been the 

 history of all the older orchard sections 

 in the state, and is the inevitable out- 

 come of the sections that are now unin- 

 fested, unless some radical steps be 

 taken to check the migration and to 

 stamp out the present slight infestation. 



Now, the question is can this migra- 

 tion be checked? Can the slight infes- 

 tations be stamped out? That is just 

 what British Columbia is doing success- 

 fully. Are we going to admit that we 

 cannot do it? With proper organiza- 

 tion and methods it can be done. Pres- 

 ent control measures have not been suc- 

 cessful. 



I am even led to believe that it is 

 possible to completely exterminate the 



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