136 



Wunschmann (14) (1872) maintains that they are absent from 

 all the inner side of the pitcher. (On the "lid" of Sarracenia they 

 are found on both sides). (Hooker (8) 1874. Zipperer 1885). 

 Their absence from the inner surface of the pitcher — and the 

 inner surface of the cavity and that of the lid must evidently be 

 regarded as morphologically identical — was, in the opinion of 

 Wunschmann, a confirmation of the explanation that the 

 inner pitcher-surface was corresponding to the upper surface of 



the "phyllodium", 

 and the outer surface 

 of the former to the 

 lower of the latter. 

 He says : "Diese Ver- 

 muthung findet in der 



Entwickelungsge- 

 schichte des Blattes 



ihre Stiitze und 

 stimmt auch iiberein 

 mit einer anatomi- 

 schen Thatsache. Ich 

 fand namlich, dass 

 die aussereFlache der 

 Becher stets Spaltoff- 

 nungen besass, wah- 

 rend solche auf der 

 inneren Flache nie 

 vorhanden waren; 

 ein Verbal tniss, wie 

 es bekanntlich fiir die 

 Unter- und Oberseite der Blatter die Kegel ist" (pag. 7). On this 

 stage of N. Mastersiana they are only found on that swelling of the 

 lid, which is placed in the pitcher cavity. Attractive lid-glands are 

 not yet developed. In the parenchyma, as well in the pitcher as 

 in the lid, especially near the outer walls of both, some edged 

 empty cells are found; it is undoubtedly these which are given 

 by Fenner(4) in his Fig. 13, Tab. X, and are mentioned there as 

 "Intercellularraume". They are, however, cells which later on are 

 developed as spiral cells, and are studied in details by Kny and 

 Zimrnermann (10). Already on this stage there is a beginning 

 spiral-shaped thickening of their walls. Fig. 2 shows a stage, a 



Fig. 2. N. Allardi. The stage a little older than 



that in Fig. 1. 



