No. 1, August, 1921] FORESTEY 19 



foresters that Scotch pine cannot be regenerated successfully by natural reproduction 

 methods. Clear-cutting followed by planting is the rule. The author, by citing numerous 

 experiments and results therefrom, makes the claim that natural regeneration of f^cotch pine 

 is not only possible, but also practicable and to be recommended from an economic standpoint. 

 The 2 principal factors upon which the successful natural regeneration of Scotch pine depends 

 are soil condition and stand composition. — Joseph S. Illick. 



131. BiOLLEY, H. Betrachtungen iiber die Forsteinrichtung in der Schweiz. [Obser- 

 vations on forest improvement in Switzerland.] Schweiz. Zeitschr. Forstw. 72: 40-4.5. 2 

 pi. 1921.^An answer to Dr. Flury in issues 9 and 10 of the "Jour. Forest. Suisse." The 

 discussion is summed up under 4 heads: 1. "The relation of forest improvement and manage 

 ment." These can not be separated since they are interdependent. The best management 

 is accomplished by securing the best species, which can be done only through forest improve- 

 ment. In order to favor any desirable species cuttings must be on a basis to secure young 

 growth of that species, and in this both management and improvement are involved. 2. 

 "The determination of the current increment." The current increment during decades or 

 periods is not a sufficient basis for methods of management unless the records are continuous. 

 The variation of growth during various periods makes the records of little value unless they 

 are taken continuously. Increment based on volume and age is not considered sufficient to 

 determine growth. 3. "Heyer's Formula." The formula has a far-reaching influence 

 since it is accepted as a basis for finances, industry, and insurance. When all stands that have 

 not passed middle age are omitted, § of the forest area is not considered in summing up the 

 increment. The formula arrives at an average over long periods but does not give current 

 increment. 4. "The concessions of Dr. Flury." Flury admits that the current increment is 

 necessary in selection cutting, and Biolley inquires why the same principle is not applied to 

 all forest stands whether the young stands are in mixture or in pure stands, and the cutting 

 regulated accordingly. — /. F. Hofmann. 



132. BouLGER, G. S. [Rev. of: Church, A. H. (1) Elementary notes on conifers. Bot. 

 Mem. [Oxford] 8. 32 p. 1920; (2) Form-factors in Coniferae. Ibid. 9. 28 p. 1920.] Jour. 

 Botany 59:81-82. 1921. 



133. BouLGER, G. S. [Rev. of: Coltman-Rogers, Charles. Conifers and their char- 

 acteristics, with illustrations, xiii + 333 p. John Murray: London, 1920.] Jour. Botany 

 59:27-29. 1921. [See also Bot. Absts. 9, Entry 12b.] 



134. Bourquet. Les deboisements du Ballon d'Alsace. [Deforestation of the Ballon of 

 Alsace.] Bull. Trimest. Soc. Forest. Franche-Comt6 et Belfort 13: 225-237. 1920.— The upper 

 basin of the Savoreuse River reaching a maximum elevation of 1,242 m. on the Ballon of 

 Alsace contains 1,250 hectares, of which 1,150 are covered with a mixed high forest of broad- 

 leaf and conifer species. From 1916 to 1919 unusually heavy and intensive cuttings in these 

 stands led to the deforestation of some 300 hectares and seriously disturbed normal forest 

 conditions over large additional areas. These changes resulted during the winter of 1919- 

 1920 in unprecedented floods in the Savoreuse River the total direct damages amounting to 

 164,000 francs as against a maximum of 4,500 in any previous year. At the request of the local 

 residents the state is now taking steps to establish zones in which reforestation is obliga- 

 tory, under the laws of April 4, 1S82, and August 16, 1913, and also to purchase some 580 hec- 

 tares in the 2 principal forests. — *S'. T. Dana. 



135. Brunnhofer, A. vox. Verwaltungsrecht und Holzhandel^ — zwei Vorlesungen 

 die an der Schweizer Techn. Hochschule gehalten werden soUten. [Administration and tim- 

 ber sales — two subjects that should be taught in Switzerland.] Schweiz. Zeitschr. Forstw. 

 72: 65-74, 100-106. 1921.— With a minimum of 7 semesters in college and U years practical 

 experience required to pass the state examinations, the forester is not equipped to cope with 

 the many phases of forestry and politics encountered on assuming the responsibility of a 

 district of 4,000-13,000 hectares. — The public knows the forester only through political contact 



