24 FORESTRY [BoT. Absts., Vol. IX, 



tion are discussed with particular reference to a spruce forest in the Culm district (west 

 Prussia). — W. A^ Sparhawk. 



162. HiLF. Die Holzversorgung der Tiirkei und ihr Einfiuss auf die Kriegsfiihrung. 

 [Wood supply of Turkey and its influence on the world war.] Zeitschr. Forst- u. Jagdw. 52: 

 346-3C0. 1920. — A record of observations on the forest conditions of Turkey taken on the expe- 

 dition of General von Falkenhayn to Palestine in 1917-18. The conclusion is reached that the 

 failure of the expedition is to be attributed entirely to the lack of an adequate wood supply. 

 Railroad engines had to be fired with wood. A 6-hour run required that the tender be reloaded 

 3 times, each tender load costing 3,000 marks. When green wood was used it was impossible 

 to keep up enough steam to cross steep grades. The entire region covered by the expedition 

 was poorly forested. Lemon, orange, and olive groves dotted moist and warm places, and here 

 and there near Jewish settlements Eucalyptus plantations occurred, which were established 

 in the belief that the trees would keep away mosquitoes. The author suggests that Turkey 

 and adjoining countries offer a fertile field for future forestry work. — Joseph S. Illick. 



163. Holland. Aus der Praxis der Forsteinrichtung in Wxirttemberg. [Forest organiza- 

 tion in Wiirttemberg.] Tharander Forst. Jahrb. 72: 14-44. 1920.— A critical discussion of 

 some of the principles of forest organization used in forest practices of Wiirttemberg. Rota- 

 tion, final and intermediate cuttings, felling budgets, compartments and subcompartments, 

 yield, and reserve fund are among the subjects discussed. The first decade (1917-1926) of 

 working plans for 1913-1936 are considered.— Josep/i S. Illick. 



164. HoLTEN, Jtjst. Alter und Zuwachs-Untersuchungen alter Eichen in lollandischen 

 Waidem. [Age and increment studies of old oaks in the forests of the island of LoUand.] Nat- 

 urwiss. Zeitschr. Forst- u. Landw. 18: 261-270. 1 fig. 1920. — A few of the giant oaks, which 

 occur in scattered stands on the island, are described, the largest having a circumference of 

 900 cm. The particular type is confined to low, moist, stiff clay soils; the external features 

 are not inherited, but are the result of favorable location and physical conditions. From a 

 number of measurements, the author secured a diameter-increment curve from which he con- 

 structed 2 tables showing increment and age for various diameters. He also determined the 

 basal areal increment and from it derived the rule that the basal areal increment remains 

 constant above a diameter of approximately 100 cm., above which diameter-height growth 

 ceases, and the size of the crown (total leaf area) remains constant. The greatest age deter- 

 mined (from a tree that fell in 1915) was 1059 years. — J. Roeser. 



165. Htjffel, G. Emploi de tracteurs a chenilles dans les exploitations forestieres. [Use 

 of caterpillar tractors in forest exploitations.] Rev. Eaux et Forets 59: 40—42. 1921.— Experi- 

 ments in the forest of Haguenau (Bas-Rhin) showed that a small, 35-horsepower caterpillar 

 tractor weighing 660 pounds can easily climb slopes of 35-40 per cent and cross swamps, ditches, 

 and small streams. It maneuvers readily in pole stands and does little or no damage to 

 the soil, but is destructive to seedlings in areas under regeneration. The tractor is able to 

 haul easily 3 pine logs with a total volume of more than 140 cubic feet, but is not recommended 

 for extracting stumps. It fells 120-year Scotch pine at the rate of 350 cubic feet of timber 

 and 1.5-2 cords of stump wood per hour, but is not satisfactory for felling hardwoods. It 

 is not of interest in regions where logging is easy and not expensive, but can be used to ad- 

 vantage for removing logs in mountainous country without good roads or in other regions 

 difficult of access or where team transportation is costly. Its usefulness in felling coniferous 

 trees is limited to cases where it is desired to extract the stumps, as is usually the case, and 

 then only when the labor of woodcutters is particularly expensive. — S. T. Dana. 



166. HuNziKER, W. Entgipfelung judger Wiesstannen durch die Waldwiihlmus (Hypodeus 

 glareolus Wagn.) [Topping of young white fir by the forest mouse (Hypodeus glareolus Wagn.).] 

 Schweiz. Zeitschr. Forstw. 72: 97-100. / pi. 1921. — Damage by cutting of terminal buds 

 had been noted in various localities for several years and had been attributed to squirrels, 

 jays, cross-bills, or deer. The typical damage (near Argau) of clean-cut tips and branches 



