No. 1, August, I'JLM] FORESTRY 27 



forests was 29,330 square miles, and of unclassed forests 110,820 square miles. To some extent 

 the expansion of forest revenue will depend on the amount of revenue which the government 

 is able to put back into the forests. But, although the percentage of surplus to gross revenue 

 is higher in Bu.rma than in any province in India, forest revenue cannot be devoted exclusively 

 to expenditures on forest development since it must be prorated in accordance with the needs 

 of all lines of the government's work. The area under approved working plans is 10,855 

 square miles, and 18,425 square miles are unprovided for. In the future such plans will be 

 based on the new system of concentrated exploitation and regeneration as shown by the revised 

 Tharrawaddy working plan. In India, extraction roads tapping previously inaccessible 

 forests, even when constructed at high cost, have proved exceedingly profitable. During 

 the last few years the advanced cost of elephants has made it impossible to use the animals for 

 the extraction of timber, except teak and possibly pyinkado {Xylia dolabriformis) . The future 

 regeneration of the bamboo forests of Burma must be by artificial methods as natural regenera- 

 tion is too uncertain and requires the retention of seed bearers. "It may be taken as an axiom 

 that no natural product can permanently withstand a heavy artificial demand without arti- 

 ficial assistance to aid it in reproduction and development."— £". R. Hodson. 



177. LuDWiG. Ein Forstdiingungsversuch in einer verheideten Fichtenpfianzung. [An 

 experiment in forest fertilizing in a heath plantation of Norway spruce.] Zeitschr. Forst- u. 

 Jagdw. 52: -12-51. 1920. — An experiment established in 1914 in a 15-year-old stand of Xonvay 

 spruce to determine the effect of mowing the heath plants, grubbing the surface soil, applica- 

 tion of commercial fertilizer, inter-cropping of white alder, perennial lupine, and Spartium 

 scoparium, and soil coverings with branches and broom. The experimental plot (390 X 

 520 feet) was located within a 30-acre plantation set out in 1903 using 4-year-old transplants 

 spaced 4X4 feet. The entire plot was sub-divided into 48 quadrants (65 X 65 feet). The 

 preliminary results show that the application of fertilizer alone neither stimulates growth 

 nor suppresses the heath. An acceleration of growth was noted only where the physical condi- 

 tion of the soil was improved simultaneously with the application of the fertilizer. — Joseph 

 S. Illick. 



178. Marc. La foret domaniale d'Abrechwiller au cours du XIX® siecle. [The national 

 forest of Abrechwiller during the nineteenth century.] Rev. Eaux et Forets 58: 317-322, 

 345-350. 1920. — The forest of Abrechwiller, comprising some 3,570 hectares of nearly pure 

 silver fir in the Basses-Vosges, was ceded to the state by the princes of Linanges in 1801 by 

 the treaty of Lun^ville. Heavily encumbered by rights of user, comparatively inaccessible, 

 and almost without roads or other means of transportation aside from drivable streams, its 

 management was unusually difficult. The first real working plan for the forest was prepared 

 in 1858. Under this, rights of user were practically canceled, the reforestation of openings 

 was secured rapidly by artificial seeding of Scotch pine and natural seeding of silver fir, and 

 the entire stand was treated as high forest with a rotation of 120 years.— The Germans, after 

 the annexation of Alsace-Lorraine in 1870, followed the same plan, and in addition pushed 

 vigorously the construction of roads and trails and even of a logging railroad. In 1815, how- 

 ever, they made modifications which display certain features characteristic of German forest 

 management throughout Alsace-Lorraine. These include (1) a unit of management that is 

 administrative rather than economic, with nothing comparable to the French series; 

 (2) a very flexible management which aims to treat each stand in accordance with its particular 

 needs, but which tends to split the forest into an infinite number of parcels and subparcels; 

 and (3) the absence of fixed rules of exploitation and the giving of a comparatively free rein 

 to local forest officers. — During the past 20 years faulty reproduction cuttings and the super- 

 abundance of deer, which are very destructive of fir seedlings, have resulted in an almost 

 complete lack of natural regeneration. To remedy this situation large areas of Norway spruce 

 have been planted in spite of the fact that spruce is not well adapted to the site. Further- 

 more, complicated and confused methods, unaccompanied by any clear-cut plan of manage- 

 ment, have led to the creation of such an infinite nmnber of small heterogeneous parcels that 

 the present forest resembles a "harlequin's cloak." In short, while the forest has undoub- 

 tedly increased in value during the 19th century, it has been reduced to a state of profound 

 disorder from which it must now be rescued by the skill of the French foresters. — 5. T. Dana. 



