28 FORESTRY [BoT. Absts., Vol. IX, 



179. Martin. Das Streben nach Gleichheit und Ungleichheit in der Forstwirtschaft. 

 [Striving for and against uniformity in forestry.] Tharander Forst. Jahrb. 72: 45-Gl. 1920.— 

 A comparative discussion of the methods of regeneration, both artificial and natural, used 

 in Germany. The basic principles and objectives of many standard methods are given, and 

 the actual results attained by each method are cited. Large unit management and small 

 unit management, and even-aged and uneven-aged stands are compared. Some foresters 

 favor uniformity within stands and differences between stands, while others prefer a mixed 

 condition within stands. The author believes that there is good in both principles, that un- 

 necessary variety should be avoided, and that undue effort should not be put forth to attain 

 uniformity in stands. — Joseph S. Illick. 



180. ]\Iartin. Das Verhalten von Kiefern-Buchen-Mischbestanden in okonomischer 

 Hinsicht, mit besonderer Riicksicht auf die forstlichen Verhaltnisse Sachsens. [Mixed stands 

 of Scotch pine and beech in Saxony.] Tharander Forst. Jahrb. 71: 2G9-2S2, 299-318. 1920.— 

 Beech was originally common in the forests of Saxony. Through the use of clear-cutting 

 methods and specializing in Norway spruce production, most of the beech has been eliminated. 

 Recent studies show conclusively that it is desirable to bring back the beech. Mixed stands 

 of Scotch pine and beech have advantages over pure stands of Norway spruce. They satisfy 

 more fully the desire of forest owners, are less subject to damage by destructive agents, and 

 keep the soil in a better productive condition. — Joseph S. Illick. 



181. Martix. Die Bedeutung J. H. von Thueas fiir die Forstwirtschaft. [Forestry work 

 of J. H. von Thuens.] Allg. Forst- u. Jagdzeitg. 95: 99-10f>, 131-137, 157-172. 1919.— A criti- 

 cal review of the most important research works of J. H. von Thuens, who was not a profes- 

 sional forester but who developed many original ideas along forestry lines and collected an 

 enormous amount of valuable information, based chiefly upon forest experiments. Among 

 the topics considered are land classification, wages, rate of interest, the relation of increment 

 and growing space, and forest and stand yield. Results of sowing and planting Norway 

 spruce are discussed and supported by several tables. The effect of different grades of thin- 

 ning on Scotch pine is also discussed, and the yield of beech and oak in different site-quali- 

 ties is given. A critical review of the subject of rotation and its influence upon yield is con- 

 sidered. The basic factors and conclusions on many important economic forest problems 

 are reviewed in detail. — Joseph S. Illick. 



182. Martin. Foret domaniale de Cherimont. [State forest of Cherimont.] Bull. 

 Trimest. Soc. Forest. Franche-Comtc et Belfort 13: 250-253. 1920. — This forest, 50 per cent 

 beech, 20 per cent oak, 15 per cent hornbeam, and 15 per cent other species, was formerly- 

 managed as coppice under standards w'ith a rotation of 30 years. In 1800 its conversion into 

 high forest was decided on and a working plan prepared. The new rotation was set at 120 

 years with 4 periods of 30 years each and preceded by a transition period of the same length. 

 Some underplanting of silver fir is now being done with a view to increasing the proportion of 

 conifers. — S. T. Dana. 



183. Martin. 1st die Herabsetzung der Umtriebzeit und die Verminderung des Holz- 

 vorrats in den sachsischen Staatsforsten zulassig? [Is the lowering of the rotation and the 

 corresponding reduction of growing stock in the state forests of Saxony admissible?] 

 Tharander Forst. Jahrb. 71: 287-297. 1920.- — The percentage of forest stands over 100 years 

 old in Germany is 15.4, in Prussia 15.4, in Bavaria 21.0, in Wiirttemberg 11.7, and in Saxony 

 3.6. The present rotation in Saxony is only 85-90 years; in other states it is higher. To lower 

 the rotation still further is not to be recommended for economic and silvicultural reasons. 

 If the cut must be increased it may be done by making heavier thinnings and by clear-cutting 

 undesirable siAnds.^ Joseph S. Illick. 



184. Meissner. Versuche zur Hebung von Fohren und Fichtenkriippelkulturen. [At- 

 tempts to improve stunted pine and spruce plantations.] Forstwiss. Centralbl. 42: 315-329. 

 1920. — The arrested development of pine and spruce stands, common in certain parts of the 



