32 FORESTRY [BoT. Absts., Vol. IX, 



stock of white pine was also frost injured. A small amount of larch seed was sown and a few 

 trees survived. These are being crowded out by the hardwoods. Hardwood coppice was 

 seriously injured by late frosts. Shoots 3 m. high and of the diameter of a cane were killed. 

 The deepest portions of the area suffered the greatest damage. Heavy frosts occurred as late 

 as June 6 in 1918. It is recommended that the dangerous places be planted with hardy coni- 

 fers and that they be planted densely in order to provide for possible loss. Some species 

 apparently become more frost hardy, although most of them recover rapidly if the late 

 frosts are at intervals sufficiently long apart. — The species concerned are arranged in order 

 of frost hardiness. The least frost resistant are the walnut, ash, beech, fir, oak, and spruce; 

 medium resistant are the native oak, maple, hornbeam, and elm; the hardy trees are the 

 white pine and the Scotch pine. — J . V. Hofmann. 



200. ScHAEFFER. Un essal de futaie jardinee feuille. [A trial of broadleaf selection 

 forest.] Bull. Trimest. Soc. Forest. Franche-Comte et Belfort 13: 239-247. 1 fig. 1920.— 

 While coppice under standards is undoubtedly the most widely used method of treatment in 

 France, it has long been recognized that it falls far short of producing the maximum amount of 

 timber. The classic method of converting such stands into high forest is too slow, too 

 complicated, and involves too great a sacrifice of present returns to be practicable. A more 

 feasible method, which is already virtually in use in many places, is to establish by relatively 

 frequent improvement cuttings a selection high forest in which the number of trees is inversely 

 proportional to their diameter. This method, with cuttings about every 15 years, makes it 

 possible to favor the most promising seedlings and saplings, to remove mature trees most 

 advantageously, and to establish a high forest with a good yield of timber without sacrifice 

 of present revenue. Conditions vary so widely that no set rules for applying the method 

 can be laid down, and a thorough knowledge of silviculture is necessary to use it to advan- 

 tage. — iS. T. Dana. 



201. ScHiiPFER. [Rev. of: Reuss, Hermann. Der Forsthaushalt aufgelost in seine 

 praktischen Einzelverrichtungen auf dem Gebiet der Wirtschaft und Verwaltung. Leipzig 

 und Wien, 1918.] Forstwiss. Centralbl. 42: 272-273. 1920.— The particular purpose of this 

 book is to acquaint forest owners with the general principles of forest management, and it is 

 written in such a way as to be readily comprehended by persons who have no technical training 

 in forestry. — IF. A', Sparhawk. 



202. ScHWAPPACH. Der Reichsforstwirtschaftsrat und das forstliche Vereinswesen. 

 [National forestry departments and forestry associations.] Zeitschr. Forst- u. Jagdw. 52: 140- 

 146. 1920. — A discussion of the scope and results of work of national departments of forestry 

 and forestry associations, including the German forestry association and local associations. — 

 Joseph S. Illick. 



203. SiEFERT UND Helbig. Weitere Ergebnisse der Stickstoffdiingungsversuche mit 

 2- und 4-jahrigen Fichten. [Fertilizer experiments with spruce transplants.] Forstwiss. 

 Centralbl. 42: 258-261. 1920.— Results of further observations (1914-1917) on the height 

 growth of spruce transplants, some unfertilized and others treated in 1909 with various 

 fertilizers are presented. The plants to which nitrate fertilizers had been applied showed 

 more rapid growth during the first few years, but by 1917 had been almost overtaken by the 

 unfertilized ones, whose actual and percentage growth was at that time considerably greater. — 

 IT'. A''. Sparhawk. 



204. Stephani. Forstliche Vereine. [Forestry associations.] Allg. Forst- u. Jagdzeitg. 

 95: 205-208. 1919.— A suggestive discussion of forestry associations and societies. The 

 need for such associations is outlined, and 3 distinct kinds of associations are recommended: 

 (1) Associations for the promotion of forestry; (2) associations which uphold the interest of 

 forest property owners; (3) associations of forest officers. — Joseph S. Illick. 



205. Stolp, W. Impregneeren van hout. [Impregnation of timber.] De Natuur 41: 

 69-72. Fig. I-4. 1921. — A general account is given of the impregnation of wood by various 

 agents under normal and high pressure, as practiced in the Netherlands. — /. C. Th. Uphof. 



