No. 1, AUGITST, 1921] SOIL SCIENCE 83 



1917: 5-50. Fig. 1 and map {colored). 1920. — Waupaca County is situated in the east central 

 part of Wisconsin in a glaciated region. The topography varies from level to rolling or hilly, 

 the ruling elevation of the county being 848 feet above sea level.— The county lies within the 

 drainage basin of Wolf Kiver. Numerous marsh areas and lakes are found in the county. — 

 The mean annual precipitation is 31. 02 inches, a large proportion of which occurs during the 

 growing season, which averages 129 days. Early frosts are frequent on the marsh areas. — 

 Agriculture consists in general farming, potatoes are an important crop on the sandy soils. — 

 Large areas of unclaimed peat are found in the county. The depth of the peat varies from a 

 shallow phase of 18 inches or less to 3 feet or more below the surface. Vegetation on peat 

 consists of coarse marsh grasses, sedges, and sphagnum moss on open marshes, with willow, 

 alder, some poplar, and tamarack in timbered tracts. Peat when reclaimed is adapted for 

 potatoes, cabbage, celery, onions, and other garden truck. The Gloucester soils, one of the 

 most important and extensive series in Waupaca County, especially in the western half, 

 are derived through glacial action from crystalline rocks, and are mainly sandy in texture. 

 The original forest growth was chiefly hardwoods, including maple, oak, birch, and some 

 elm, with varying amounts of white and Norway pine. On the Gloucester sand the original 

 timber growth consisted of scrubby oak and some white pine. The Kewaunee series and 

 Superior series are partly lacustrine in origin; they are characterized by heavy clay subsoils. 

 The original timber growth on these soils consisted of maple, oak, elm, hickory, some walnut, 

 and varying amounts of pine. The Whitman series and the Poygan series are poorly drained 

 upland soils which in their native state supported a growth of elm, ash, willow and alder, 

 together with coarse grasses and other moisture-loving vegetation. Alluvial soils deposited 

 as outwash plains consist of the Plainfield series and Merrimac series. Other alluvial soils 

 such as the Genesee series and the Dunning series are subject to overflow where they occur 

 adjacent to stream courses. The average size of farms is approximately 110 acres. — F. B. 

 Hoice. 



540. Gerlach. Die Kohlensaureernahrung der Pflanzen und der Stalldiinger. [Car- 

 bonic acid nutrition of plants and stable manure.] Mitteil. Deutsch. Landw. Ges. 36:147- 

 150. 1921. — This is a general review of the controversy between Bornemann and Lemmer- 

 MAN in which the author brings forth data from previous experiments to show that Bornemann 

 greatly overrated the effect of carbonic acid produced by the decay of stable and 

 green manures. Gerlach finds that the carbonic acid thus produced has no effect on crop 

 yields. [See also Bot. Absts. 8, Entry 12, 32.]— il. /. Pieters. 



541. Harrison, J. B., and C. B. W. Anderson. The genesis of a fertile soil. West 

 Indian Bull. 18: 77-98. 1920. — This paper comprises a study of the origin and development 

 of the fertile sugar-cane soils of the island of Barbados, West Indies. Historical and analy- 

 tical data are given, and the theory of the origin of the soils is discussed. — /. S. Dash. 



542. Htjdelson, R. R. Keeping soils productive. Missouri Agric. Exp. Sta. Circ. 102. 

 24p. 1921. — A brief popular discussion of the essentials in the maintenance of soil fertility. — 

 L. J. Stadler. 



543. HuDiG, J., EN W. Sturm. Het meten van waterstof-ionenconcentraties en boden- 

 extracten en bodensuspensies. [Measurement of hydrogen-ion concentrations in soil extracts 

 and soil suspensions.] Verslag. Landbouwk. Onderzoek. Rijkslandbouwproefsta. 25: 85- 

 127. 1919. — With the V-electrode no reliable measurements of soil extracts from sand-contain- 

 ing peat could be made, as the potential constantlj' changes. Through proper disinfection 

 it was demonstrated that this could not be attributed to action of soil bacteria. A new elec- 

 trode was constructed through which hydrogen could be conducted, the soil and liquid mean- 

 while being constantly in contact. — Hydrogen-ion concentration of a soil suspension depends 

 upon (a) temperature, (b) quantity of liquid and soil, (c) time of penetration, (d) treatment, 

 such as shaking, (e) addition of salts. The season also has an influence. — J. C. Th. Uphof. 



