No. 2, September, 1921] FORESTRY 111 



Better satisfaction and cheaper construction can be obtained through the small contractor; 

 the machinery of the large operator is too cumbersome and expensive. — J . V. Ilofmann. 



713. HuFNAGL, Hans. Eine schwedische Kubikmassen-Ermittlungsmethode. [A Swed- 

 ish method for determining volume.] \\ icner Allg. Forst- u. Jagd Zeitg. 38: '.i'.il-'.i',)2 . 1030. — 

 A brief discussion is given of Prof. Tou Jonson's form factor methods and their basis. — 

 F. S. Baker. 



714. KoPETZKT, EuGEN. Ein Vorschlag zur Beforsterungsfrage. [A suggestion for forest 

 administration.] Wiener Allg. Forst- u. Jagd Zeitg. 38: 243-244. 1920. — Owners of small 

 woodlands are under considerable disadvantage in handling their holdings under the best 

 methods of forestry and also in selling their products. The cure for this condition is fre- 

 quently expressed as the "Nationalization" or "Socialization" of the forests. The author 

 points out that the same ends may be accomplished through voluntary associations of small 

 owners. Such associations might be loose at first and limited to cooperative purchases and 

 employment of technical help. These associations, however, are capable of development into 

 actual managers of the woodlands of the individuals on the basis of one large unit, thus securing 

 every advantage that large forest owners have and also serving public interests much better. 

 The formation of such associations can be stimulated by the extension of laws applying to 

 large forests to small holdings, forcing them to unite for economical compliance with these 

 laws. — F. S. Baker. 



715. Krarup. Sonderjydske Skovforhold. [Forest conditions in southern Jutland.] 

 Dansk Skovforenings Tidsskr. 5: 217-226. 1920. — The author gives areas and general descrip- 

 tion of the forests in Schleswig-Holstein, territory recently acquired from Germany. The 

 eastern forests are made up principally of beech, ash, and oak, with plantations of Sitka spruce 

 and Douglas fir. In the central and western parts there is a predominance of red spruce 

 and fir. These forests show the results of careless cutting incident to the demands of the war. 

 Game animals are also considerably reduced. — /. A. Larsen. 



716. Kreibich, M. Kapitalstilgung. [Amortization.] Wiener Allg. Forst- u. Jagd 

 Zeitg. 38: 273-274. 1920. — Rules and formulae are presented for determining certain values 

 frequently needed but not included in tabular form, from values which are so given in the 

 forester's handbooks or "calendars" current in Gertnany. — F. S. Baker. 



717. Kreutzer, E. Neue Durcb-forstungsgrundsatze. [New principles in thinning.] 

 Wiener Allg. Forst- u. Jagd Zeitg. 38 : 324-325. 1920. — In Wiirttemberg it has been the practice 

 of most private forest owners to thin stands, particularly fir, too lightly in an attempt to get a 

 maximum number of stems per acre, and clear material rather than good crown development. 

 This is intensified by the lack of a good market for poles removed in thinning. Crown width 

 should equal \ the height of the tree on site quality I, J on quality II, and I on quality III. 

 The factors, 7, 6, 5, used above are employed as spacing indicators from which the number of 

 stems per unit area can be obtained by dividing the height of the trees by the appropriate 

 "spacing indicator," and then dividing the area by the square of this quotient. The final 

 yield in money depends upon basal area X height X form factor X value quotient. In practice 

 the term "height times form factor" can be eliminated as it is nearly constant and attention 

 must be centered upon basal area and quality, which are dependent in turn upon the number of 

 stems per hectare. — F. S. Baker. 



718. Locker. Vorschlage zur Beforsterung. [Proposals for forest administration.] 

 Wiener Allg. Forst- u. Jagd Zeitg. 39: 18-19, 24-25. 1921.— The function of forests is to furnish 

 wood, also protection to the soil, etc. In order to do this all forests should be under admini- 

 stration. In considering plans to accomplish this, 3 classes of forests may be recognized: 

 A. Large private forests having wood production as their chief object. B. Encumbered 

 forests, belonging to associations, cities, common property, etc., in which the object of 

 management is complex. C. Small wood lands (private). The first problem is personnel. 



