126 HORTICULTUEE [Box. Absts., Vol. IX, 



789. Barker, B. T. P., and G. T. Spinks. Fruit breeding investigations at Long Ashton. 

 Jour. Pomol. 1 : 224-234. 1920. — A large number of crosses were made between different varie- 

 ties of apples, pears, plums, cherries, currants, gooseberries, and strawberries. The purpose 

 of the work was to produce varieties with definite combinations of characters by using known 

 parents, and to ascertain to what extent the offspring would resemble the different parents. 

 Most of the tree-fruit seedlings have not yet come into bearing, so no conclusions can be drawn. 

 — Seedlings from the seeds of the same apple in a given cross resemble each other in fruit 

 characters more closely than these from different fruits of the same cross. — The results of 

 raspberry breeding are unsatisfactory because nearly all the hybrids produce very few 

 blossoms. — L. H. MacDaniels. 



790. Barnett, R. J. Terminology of orchard soil management methods. Proc. Amer. 

 Soc, Hort. Sci. 17: 172-174. 1920 [1921].— The stated purpose of the article is the dis- 

 cussion of definitely fixing the terminology and orthography of pomological literature. For 

 illustration, a list of terms descriptive of various orchard soil management methods with their 

 orthography and definitions is submitted. — H. W. Rickey. 



791. Barss, H. P. Success in spraying. Better Fruit 15*: 3-4. 1921. — Though spraying 

 has reached its highest development in the Pacific Northwest, there are certain pertinent 

 facts that the grower must keep in mind in order to be successful: (1) Spraying is not a cure 

 but a prevention; (2) timeliness of application is essential; (3) the work must be thorough 

 (iron sulphate [copperas] may be used as an indicator) ; (4) a particular spray must be used 

 for a particular disease or pest; (5) spraying is cmnulative in effect; (6) economy of spraying 

 is measured not by the amount of spray saved but by the degree of prevention secured. — A. 

 E. Murneek. 



792. Beach, S. A. Fruit breeding in the Northwest and its significance in horticultural 

 development. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 17: 13-19. 1920 [1921]. — The author discusses 

 fruit breeding in the upper Mississippi Valley and Great Plains regions where most of the 

 standard fruits have failed because of inability to withstand the climatic extremes. In the 

 more favored areas, a few standard varieties of apples and some cherries are grown, but prac- 

 tically no standard varieties of plums, sweet cherries, peaches, quinces, pears, and other 

 orchard fruits. — The obstacles to success in fruit breeding are many, one of the most important 

 being the lack of hardiness of the most desirable types. Barring the crab apple, the Hibernal 

 and others of its type appear to be superior in hardiness. One problem is to determine to what 

 extent hardiness in the apple and crab apple can be segregated and recombined with other 

 desirable characters, and what varieties can best be depended upon as parents to transmit 

 these characters. Late-keeping winter apples must be developed for the region. There 

 are several good summer and early autumn varieties which are either crab hybrids or of the 

 Russian group. It is thought that in time many hardy varieties will be developed for this 

 region, and that there is a great future for both amateur and commercial fruit growing in the 

 section. — E. C. Auchter, 



793. Beekhuis, H. A. Handling the peach crop. Associated Grower 1^: 7,42. 1920. — 

 Well matured, uninjured, and properly treated peaches yield the best dried product. — E. L. 

 Overholser. 



794. BoNCQUET, P. A. The dieback of Emperor grapes. Associated Grower 1^: 9, 42, 

 43, 48. 1920. — Occasionally vines remain dormant, not growing in the spring. If they do 

 develop, their growth remains incomplete and the leaves undersized. This behavior is at- 

 tributed to lack of carbohydrate supply. — E. L. Overholser. 



795. Bonnet, L. O. The Dizmar grape. Associated Grower V: 24-25, 42. 1920.— The 

 berry is large, almost ellipsoidal in shape, has neutral flavor, thin skin, and crisp texture. 

 The bunch is large, ovoid elongated, and loose, and the vine is vigorous with long spreading 

 canes. It is a good shipping grape, grows well on soils adapted to the Muscat, and will bear 

 profitable crops if pruned long. — E. L. Overholser. 



