128 HOETICULTURE [BoT. Absts., Vol. IX, 



enter when the figs are less than f inch in diameter; the flowers of such figs are presumably 

 receptive to pollen. FVom that stage until the figs reach about 1 inch in diameter they may 

 be entered by insects and caprified. Capri figs are ready to pick as soon as the male insects 

 issue freely from the gall flowers. The most popular varieties of caprifigs are Stanford and 

 Roeding No. 3. — E. L. Overholser. 



805. CoNDiT, I. J. Summer pruning of the fig. Associated Grower 1^: 28-30. 1920. — 

 Certain varieties, like the Mission and Adriatic, respond profitably to early summer pruning. 

 Summer pruning not only favors a desirable crop but also accentuates the growth of the 

 main framework of the tree; thus the amount of succulent growth is greatly reduced and better 

 protection is afforded against winter frosts. — E. L. Overholser. 



806. Cradwick, W. Cocoa. Jour. Jamaica Agric. Soc. 25: 52-57. 1921. — The author 

 presents a discussion of cacao growing under Jamaican conditions, including cultural direc- 

 tions, shading, pruning, and the proper time for picking. — John A. Stevenson. 



807. Crandall, C. S. An experience in self-fertilization of the peach. Proc. Amer. Soc. 

 Hort. Sci. 17: 33-37. 1920 [1921]. — Investigations were made concerning the self-fertility of 

 seedling peach trees of known parentage, some of which were grown in the orchard and others 

 in the greenhouse under more or less controlled conditions. Some buds were emasculated and 

 hand pollinated while others were covered without emasculation or hand pollination. By the 

 former method, as practiced in the orchard, 6.38 flowers were required to produce one seedling 

 tree; by the latter, 20.5 to produce one seedling tree growing in the orchard. This reduced 

 number was due to lack of fertilization, undeveloped embryos, and poor germination of seed. 

 The work done under glass was less successful from the standpoint of surviving seedlings since 

 each required the pollination of 7.24 flowers. It is probable that this difference is due to defi- 

 cient nutrition of the trees grown in tubs. — E. C. Auchter. 



80S. Crane, M. B. The raising of fruit trees from seed. Jour. Pomol. 1: 210-216. 2 

 fig. 1920. — An account is presented of the methods used in raising fruit-tree seedlings at the 

 John Innes Horticultural Institution, Merton, England. Seeds of stone fruits are removed 

 from fruits and stratified at once in sterilized sand or soil. They are kept all winter in a moist 

 condition in cold frames with full exposure to frost. Early the following year the seeds are 

 removed from the shells and planted in boxes in a cool greenhouse. — Apple seeds are removed 

 from the fruits in the fall and sown directly in the germination flats in cold frames. When 

 germination starts, the flats are taken into the cool greenhouse. — Plum and apple seeds kept 

 dry till late in the winter will not germinate until the following year. Seedlings usually 

 fruited the 6th year from seed. Buds from 2-year old seedlings budded on other stock flowered 

 in 6 years from bud (8 years in all). — L. H. MacDaniels. 



809. Cruess, W. V. Rain damage insurance. Associated Grower 1^: 3, 19, 36. 1920. — 

 For obtaining a high yield of superior evaporated grapes the writer emphasizes the importance 

 of using well ripened fruit. The installation and use of evaporators is considered an economy. 

 [For details see Bot. Absts. 6, Entry 1176.] — E. L. Overholser. 



810. Durham, Herbert E. The recognition of fruit. II. Some systems concerning apples 

 and pears. Jour, Pomol. 1: 177-187. 1920. — To date no very satisfactory classification of 

 varieties of apples and pears has been made by which the varietal name of an unknown specimen 

 can be determined. It is in fact doubtful if any such classification can be made on account 

 of the great variation within a variety. A number of such classifications have been proposed; 

 several of these are outlined briefly while that of Truelle is given at length. — L. H. Mac- 

 Daniels. 



811. Fairchild, David. La papaya injer tada como arbol frutal anual. [The grafted papaya 

 as an annual fruit tree.] Rev. Agric. [Mexico] 5: 433-437. S fig. 1920. — The possibilities of 

 the grafted papaya (Carica papaya) as an annual fruit crop are discussed. Directions for 

 making the grafts and general cultural directions are given. — John A. Stevenson. 



