No. 2, September, 1921] HORTICULTURE 129 



812. Fantini, N. Varies sistemas de poda. [Pruning systems.] Defensa Agric. 

 [Uruguay] 2: 11-1(). 13 fig. 1921. — Popular. — John A. Stevenson. 



813. Hartman, H. Depth of planting in relation to tree growth. Oregon Agric. Exp. 

 Sta. Crop Pest and Hort. Kept. 3: 47-48. 11 fig. 1921. — Young trees of Esopus and Gra- 

 venstein apples, d'Anjou peara, and Italian prunes were set at varying depths, ranging from 

 that at which the tree grew in the nursery to 27 inches below that depth. After 4 years there 

 were no striking differences in size and vigor of tops or diameter of trunks. In all cases of 

 deep planting the tendency of growth of the original roots was toward the surface of the soil. 

 The pear trees developed no roots above the graft, the apple trees developed a few though they 

 were of no real importance, whereas the prune trees developed many, but they did not corre- 

 spond in amount to the development of the tops of the trees. — E. J . Kraus. 



814. Harvey, E. M. Summer pruning of young apple trees. Oregon Agric. Exp. Sta. 

 Crop Pest and Hort. Rept. 3: 20-26. PI. 1-2. 1921. — From experiments designed to test the 

 effect of various combinations of winter and summer pruning and involving 1100 young Rome 

 and Gano apple trees, it appeared that all types of summer pruning allowed less tree growth 

 than winter pruning only; fruit-spur formation was not increased, and the amount of fruit 

 harvested in the case of summer-pruned trees was less than that from those winter-pruned 

 only. Summer-pruning practices must be regulated in accordance with varietal behavior. — 

 E. J . Kraus, 



815. Harvey, E. M., and A. E. Murneek. Some relations of growth and bearing of fruit 

 trees to orchard practices. Oregon Agric. Exp. Sta. Crop Pest and Hort. Rept. 3: 15-19. 

 Fig. 5. 1921. — Undefoliated spurs of apple trees were able to form abundant fruit buds and 

 to set a good crop of fruit, while the reverse was true for defoliated spurs. The latter con- 

 tained relatively more nitrogen and less carbohydrate than the undefoliated spurs. Certain 

 effects of some orchard practices are analyzed on the basis of how they may affect the carbohy- 

 drate-nitrogen relationships in the trees. — E. J. Kraus. 



816. Hedrick, U. p. Pedigreed nursery stock. Jour. Pomol. 1: 155-160. 1920.— Ex- 

 perience at the New York State Experiment Station and extensive reference to the horti- 

 cultural literature lead to the conclusion that varieties of fruits have not been, and cannot be, 

 improved by bud selection. It is nurture, not nature, that produces the variation in varieties. 

 The present practices in the propagation of fruit trees are justified by the precedents of cen- 

 turies. The practical difficulties in growing trees from selected buds are almost insuperable, 

 and the burden of proof is upon those who advocate growing pedigreed trees. The author 

 is dealing entirely with deciduous fruits. — L. H. MacDaniels. 



817. Hodsoll, H. E. p. Manuring fruit trees for continuous crop production. Jour. 

 Pomol. 1 : 217-223. 1920. — After 4 years' experience with different varieties of apples and other 

 fruit, the writer concludes that it is entirely practicable to produce heavy crops each year 

 by proper use of manures. A "special soluble organic manure" applied in August assures 

 abundant flower-bud formation. This is followed in the winter by a dressing of "lasting 

 organic manure" such as hoof meal, meat and bone meal, or similar materials. This insures 

 sufficient vigor in the tree to support the blossoms and hold the crop. Fruitfulness results 

 when the proportion of elaborated food to mineral nutrients is high. The reverse condition 

 causes vegetative growth only. No data are given. — L. H. MacDaniels. 



818. HoppERT, E. H. Extension work in fruit growing in Nebraska. Proc. Amer. Soc. 

 Hort. Sci. 17: 91-94. 1920 [1921). — The article deals with the extension work in home apple 

 orcharding in Nebraska. The chief problems considered are proper care of bearing orchards 

 and the correct planting and caring for new home orchards. In the extension work, pruning 

 and spraying demonstrations are given, demonstration orchards are selected, meetings are 

 held, timely articles are written, and exhibits are held at the various county fairs. — H. IF. 

 Richey. 



