130 HORTICULTURE [BoT. Absts., Vol. IX, 



819. Howard, F. K. Training young vines. Associated Grower P: 10. 1920. — The 

 single trunk system of training and forming a comparatively high head gives the best results 

 over a long period of years. Permanent stakes are placed at planting time, and, when suffi- 

 cient growth develops, the strongest and best shoot is tied to the stake. All others are removed 

 except one, — to be used in case of damage to the main branch. — E. L. Overholser. 



820. Kelley, W. p. Present status of alkali. Associated Grower P: 11-12, 38, 1920.— 

 Citrus trees and walnuts are especially sensitive to soil salinity. Water rich in salts and a 

 high irrigation water table are the chief factors causing soil alkalinity. The spread of alkali 

 by the latter method may be avoided by (1) lining or cementing the canals at the outset, and 

 (2) by using better methods of distributing the water, especially by applying less water at 

 a time. Drainage, especially if it be accompanied by flooding, is a reasonably successful 

 means of removing white alkali from soil. Leaching the excess of salts out of the soil and at 

 the same time maintaining chemical and physical conditions favorable to crop growth remains 

 a problem. — E. L. Overholser . 



821. Melander, a. L. The relation of beekeeping to fruit growing. Amer. Bee Jour. 

 61: 138-139. 1921. — A popular discussion of the advantages of the cross-pollination of fruit 

 trees. For this purpose no insect is so valuable as the honeybee. Many orchardmen pay 

 $5 per colony for the use of bees during the blooming period of fruit trees. — /. H. Lovell. 



822. MuRNEEK, A. E. "Pedigreed" trees— where do we stand? Better Fruit 15^: 13-15, 

 15': 6-8. 1921. — Since bud selection for propagating purposes has become of great economic 

 importance with citrus fruits in California, the writer raises the question of its value and prac- 

 ticability with deciduous trees in the Pacific Northwest. Reviewing the work of several ex- 

 periment stations where bud selection experiments have given negative results, the author 

 concludes that selected or "pedigreed" stocks of deciduous trees are no better than ordinary 

 trees — at least in the light of our present knowledge. — A. E. Murneek. 



823. Murneek, A. E, Stock influence on scion — in regard to top grafting. Better Fruit 

 15^: 3^, 34r-36, 1921. — There are many ways in which the scion may be modified by the stock. 

 The following have been considered in detail: (1) Form and size of the plant, (2) vigor of 

 growth, (3) health, (4) hardiness, (5) productivity and precocity, (6) time of blossoming and 

 maturing of fruit, and (7) longevity. The indirect influence of the stock on the scion, as 

 expressed in changes of character of the fruit, may be as follows: (1) Modification of color, 

 (2) change in size, and (3) changes in eating and keeping quality. — A. E. Murneek. 



824. Murneek, A. E. The storage of Bose pears. Oregon Agric. Exp. Sta. Crop Pest 

 and Hort. Kept. 3: 27-32. Fig. 6-7. 1921. — Time of picking does not materially influence 

 storage quality, except that fruit picked very early must be partially ripened under more 

 humid conditions and for a longer period than fruit picked later. Fruit may be kept for 3 

 months or longer by the following storage procedure: Delay 10 to 15 days, car temperature 

 12 to 15 days, then cold storage. Delayed fruit should be held at 60-70 per cent humidity. 

 Both relatively high temperature with low humidity and low temperature with high humidity 

 are harmful to proper ripening. — E. J. Kraus. 



825. Nichols, H. E. New interest in Iowa home orchards. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. 

 Sci. 17: 87-91. 1920 [1921]. — The article discusses the manner in which spraying demonstra- 

 tions for the home orchard have developed during the past 10 years. It explains the organiza- 

 tion and states the success of spray rings under the direction of the County Agent and the 

 Extension Horticulturist with the cooperation of the Iowa Fruit Growers' Association. Fig- 

 ures are given showing the growth of the movement, the average cost of spraying, and the 

 returns. — H. W. Richey. 



826. Overholser, E. L. Fruit exhibits and fruit judging. Associated Grower 1': 

 28^30. 1920. — Emphasis is laid on condition, uniformity, color, size, and form, — the 5 main 



