190 FORESTRY [BoT. Absts., Vol. IX, 



That gathered on the first 2 dates was handled by 3 methods : (1) Sowing immediately in seed 

 beds; (2) storing in moist sand until sowed in the spring; (3) hanging up in bags in the store 

 house until sowed in the spring. The seed gathered in January was handled by the 2 last- 

 mentioned methods and that gathered in February only by the last method. In the 1st spring 

 (1918) germination took place and plants developed only from the September seed that had 

 been either sowed directly or stored in sand. In all other cases germination did not take place 

 until the 2nd spring (1919), when all the remaining classes of seed germinated, the percentage 

 of germination increasing the later the date of collecting the seed. — R. H. Weidman. 



1227. Dahl, A. L. Some special uses of redwood. Sci. Amer. 124:286,297. 4 fig. 1921. 



1228. Dock, H. Die Stereophotogrammetrie und ihre Bedeutung fiir die Forstwirtschaft. 

 [Stereophotogrammetry and its application in forest management.] Centralbl. Gesam. Forstw. 

 46: 65-90. 1920. — The author discusses in detail the phototopographic method of surveying, 

 including a discussion of the theory of the method, description of the instruments, and an 

 illustration of the use of the method on an actual area. The essential field instrument is the 

 phototheodolite and the office instruments are the stereokomparator and the stereoautograph. 

 The last is a drafting instrument of complicated mechanism and is evidently a more recent 

 development and refinement in the oflBce work of the camera surveying method. The author 

 is an engineer and the article is purely in the domain of engineering. — R. H. Weidman. 



1229. Eckstein, Fritz. Ueber die Lebensweise von Thanasimus (Clerus) formicarius 

 Latr. [Notes on the life history of Thanasimus (Clerus) formicarius Latr.] Forstwiss. 

 Centralbl. 43: 57-62. 1921. — But little has been written concerning the life history of this 

 insect, which is generally considered to be of great importance as an enemy of the bark beetles, 

 especially Myelophilus piniperda. This paper outlines the life cycle of the beetle (approxi- 

 mately 1 year), and compares it with that of Myelophilus. The increase is not very rapid, 

 since the female lays only 20 or 30 eggs, and the larvae develop more slowly than those of 

 Myelophilus or the other bark beetles (M. minor, Hylastes ater, Tomicus typographus, and 

 others). The latter reproduce much more rapidly. It is concluded that Clerus is of com- 

 paratively little importance in combating the bark beetles, although it helps to keep their 

 numbers in check. — W . N . Sparhawk. 



1230. Ehrhorn, E. M. Report of the Chief Plant Inspector. Rept. Bd. Commissioners 

 Agric. and Forest. Hawaii 1919-1920: 75-85. PI. 16-22. 1921. — Packages containing plants 

 and plant products to the nimaber of 579,207 were inspected for insect and fungous diseases. 

 Presence of citrus canker {Psudomonas citri) in Honolulu is reported. — J. M. Westgate. 



1231. Endres. Die Bayerische Waldversicherung. [Bavarian forest insurance.] Forst- 

 wiss. Centralbl. 43: 1-6. 1921. — The new forest insurance association, formed in Bavaria 

 in 1920, embodies some new principles which it is hoped will make insurance of forests more 

 practicable. Private individuals, as such, cannot insure their forests ; they must do so through 

 the medium of their communes or through associations. The business is limited to fire insur- 

 ance at first, but it is planned later to cover losses by insects, diseases, wind, etc. Insurance 

 applies to the entire forest property in Bavaria of each owner who takes out a policy, and 

 premiums are determined on a flat area basis, regardless of species or age of stand. Indemni- 

 ties are limited to a value of not to exceed 1000 marks per hectare, unless the owner has paid 

 extra premium for a higher insurance. The insurance association has adopted another feature 

 to encourage forest loans. It contracts with the lender to protect him against losses due 

 either to fire or to felling of timber contrary to agreement by the owner, and thereby makes 

 his loan much more secure. — W. N . Sparhawk. 



1232. Endres. [Rev. of: Engler, Arnold. Untersuchungen iiber den Einfiuss des 

 Waldes auf den Stand der Gewasser. (Influence of forest cover on water supplies.) Mitteil. 

 Schweiz. Zentralanst. Forst. Versuchsw. 12: 1-626. 58 fig. 1919 (see Bot. Absts. 9, Entry 710).] 

 Forstwiss. Centralbl. 43: 114-119. 1921.— Endres outlines Engler's results on the 2 areas 



