192 FORESTRY [BoT. Absts., Vol. IX, 



readily in forest clearings and abandoned plantations. It has been recommended as a shade 

 tree for cacao plantations but has not proved suitable. Several other uses are suggested; 

 it is particularly suitable as raw material for the manufacture of paper, and would probably 

 prove remunerative if cultivated for this purpose. — E. M. Doidge. 



1241. Harreh, Fr. Harzgewinnung in Amerika. [Resin production in America.] Forst- 

 wiss. Centralbl. 43 : 130-137. 1921. — The methods of harvesting and distilling resin in Florida 

 are briefly described, with old statistics of production and exports of turpentine and rosin. 

 It is concluded that the U. S. A. will in a short time be unable to more than supply its own 

 requirements. Germany could theoretically supply her own needs for turpentine and pine 

 oil, but not for rosin, if the question of cost were left out of consideration. Unless substitutes 

 can be derived from coal tar distillation, rosin supplies must be sought in other countries, 

 especially the tropics. — W. N. Sparhawk. 



1242. Hees. Klasseneinteilung des Nadel-Stammholzes. [Classification of conifer 

 logs.] Deutsch. Forstzeitg. 36: 199. 1921. — Softwoods, like hardwoods, should be classified 

 according to diameters instead of by the total cubic volume of the piece, regardless of size. 

 With the present system, short thick sticks suitable for lumber are often classed with long 

 slender ones suitable only for mine props. — W. N. Sparhawk. 



1243. Heiberg, Axel. Det Norske Skogselskap. [The Norwegian forestry association.] 

 Tidsskr.Skogbr. 28: 187-200. Pl.lO. 1920.— The author sums up the results of an inspection 

 trip of the forest plantations on the west coast of Norway near Stavanger and Bergen. These 

 plantations are up to 50 years old and consist of Norway spruce, Scotch pine, Douglas fir, 

 noble fir, oak, and birch. The soil is generally excellent for reforestation and the local senti- 

 ment in favor of this work very good, thanks to the energetic leadership of a few men. Private 

 owners are required by law to cut accordm^ to the State's dictum and to replant denuded 

 tracts. — /. A, Larsen. 



1244. HoHENADL, W. Das Versuchswesen und das wirtschaftliche Prinzip in der Forst- 

 wirtschaft. [Research and the economic principle in forest practice.] Forstwiss. Centralbl. 

 43: 50-57, 84-100, 137-151. 1921. — In view of the recent suggestion that forest research in 

 Bavaria be divorced from the forest schools and provided for in a separate state research insti- 

 tute, the author reviews briefly the development of forest research in Bavaria. When first 

 organized under the leadership of Ganghofer in 1875, it was independent of the schools, and 

 the economic purpose was emphasized, namely, to determine scientific principles and to devise 

 ways for applying them in forest practice, with the object of insuring a continuous production 

 of maximum values with a minimum of outlay. The reorganization in 1882 transferred re- 

 search to the forest department of the University of Munich, where it has since remained, and 

 provided for a combination of the purely research objective with training in scientific forestry. 

 To again set research apart by itself would surely not help to secure the application of its 

 findings in actual forest practice, for even now many of the principles evolved by research are 

 far from being assimilated by the practitioners. Forestry has not kept pace with other 

 industries in improving its technique and organization of work to meet changing conditions, 

 but has practically stood still. The author reviews the development of industry from the 

 phase of the individual handworker to the present-day phase of large factory units with divi- 

 sion of labor and dependence on the engineer or technician, not only for developing mechanical 

 methods and processes but also for scientifically organizing the work and personnel. All such 

 engineering work is based very largely on mathematical research, — cost accounting, time 

 studies, measurements of various sorts. Forestry has lagged behind because of the forms of 

 ownership of forests: small peasant owners; state and communes not interested solely in the 

 most profitable management; and large private owners whose management is guided by tradi- 

 tion or by a desire to maintain game preserves. Foresters themselves have been very con- 

 servative and slow to adopt new ideas. — The chief problems for forestry research are problems 

 of measurement (of trees, stands, forest sites and site factors), and of the correlation of 

 these measurements with different conditions of growth or different methods of management. 



