No. 3, October, 1921] GENETICS 211 



percentage of doxible stalks ranges from 10 to 100. — 4. DouJile flowers hy proliferation of the 

 pistil. In this type sepals, pistils, and stamens are formed normally but the pistil arises in 

 a new flower, fitting in the first. The pistil of the 2nd type arises in turn in flower of third 

 kind, etc. All flowers of the abnormal stalks are double. — 5. Plurivalved fruits. Certain 

 stalks have fruits usually pluricarpellate, giving 3, 4, or 5 petals with stigma having 3, 4, or 

 5 lobes. Some variations are present and not all fruits are aberrant; some fertile seeds are 

 formed in both normal and ])luricarpellate fruits. — 6. Intercarpellary flowers. The anomaly 

 is manifested in the first flowers by the presence of 3^ carpels in the pistil, supplied with 3 

 to 4 stigmatic lobes. Seeds formed from these are capable of germination. The oldest flowers 

 at the middle of the inflorescence have pistils alike but ovary forms a veritable intercarpcllary 

 flower. It is attached rather high on the placenta, which bears above and beneath it the 

 atrophied but easily recognizable oviiles. The intercarpcllary flower thus gives proof of 

 abnormal development in the ovule. The very small flower is complete with well formed 

 sepals, petals, and stamens. The arrangement of parts, except as to number of members, is 

 normal. Stamens are frequently devoid of pollen. The small pistil has always more than 2 

 carpels. One of the ovules instead of being rounded shows 3-4 lateral nipples. The 

 anomaly persists even to the last flowers of the inflorescence. — These multiple anomalies and 

 others not here noted are manifest in various directions in the organs, appearing more or less 

 developed in each generation and show that there is a genuine and very intensive defect in 

 this line of wall flowers. The author proposes to seekthe cause of these hereditary variations 

 and to determine the extent to which they can be fixed. — C. E. Myers. 



13.32. Gardner, V. R. Bud selection, with special reference to the apple and strawberry. 

 Missouri Agric. Exp. Sta. Res. Bull. 39. 30 p. 1920. — Apple trees grown as bud selections 

 from high-yielding parents averaged about the same in yield as those from low-yielding 

 parents. Selections from strawberries of high and low yield did not produce in general new 

 strains of high- or low-yielding ability. The author notes a "running out" or "degeneration" 

 in some bud selections. This is of 3 types: (a) Loss of ability to produce fruit; (b) loss of 

 ability to produce runners; (c) reduction in general vegetative vigor. It is suggested that 

 bud selection may be used as a means of keeping plants up to standard. There is also noted 

 a case (which the author considers as reversed dominance) in which parental characters are 

 changed in the offspring. — F. R. Clark. 



1333. Gebhardt, Curt. Die GrossknoUigkeit der Kartoffelziichtungen. [Largeness of 

 tubers in potato breeding.] Zeitschr. Pflanzenziicht. 8: 85-SS. 1921. — In a study of potato 

 varieties, the writer found the number of large and small tubers produced by healthy and 

 uninjured plants to be a varietal characteristic. Data are given in tabular form on the per- 

 formance of 8 varieties. — Richard Wellington. 



1334. GoLDSCHMiDT, RiCHARD. Klsine Beobachtungen und Ideen zur Zellenlehre. III. 

 Die Bedeutung der atypischen Spermatozoen. [Minor observations and ideas on cytology. III. 

 The significance of atypic spermatozoa.[ Arch. Zellforsch. 15 : 291-300. 1920. — Previous obser- 

 vations had not shown that atypic spermatozoa function in fertilization, nor that they 

 related to sex determinations, nor that they have any other function. The author describes 

 experiments indicating that atypic spermatozoa are functionless, as follows: Male gipsy 

 moths with low degree of intersexuality produce chiefly normal spermatozoa, while those 

 with a high degree of intersexuality produce mostly atpyic spermatozoa. Females mated with 

 these intersexual males laid eggs; when high-grade intersexual male was used no larvae re- 

 sulted (indicating that eggs were not fertilized), when medium intersexual male Ava? used 

 a few larvae developed, and when low-grade intersex was used larvae developed in normal 

 numbers. — The production of atypic spermatozoa accompanies degenerative changes of other 

 kinds, occurs to a high degree in transplanted testes, and is referred by the author to physico- 

 chemical causes. — A. Franklin Shitll. 



1335. Hammarlund, C. Uber die Vererbung anormaler Ahren bei Plantago major. 

 [Inheritance of abnormal spikes in Plantago major.] Hereditas 2: 113-142. 7 fig. 1921. — Four 



