No. 3, October, 1921] HORTlCULTUKJiJ 227 



A study of the tubercles formed on the stock of grafts of Ilelianlhus orgyalis is presented. 

 The number, vohmie, and weight of these tubercles Avere ascertained and the inulin content 

 studied. Similar studies were made of the scions of Topinambour grafts on these stocks, 

 and it is concluded that the sunflower is not the only source of the inulin present in these 

 scions. — C. H. Farr. 



1410. Dorset, M. J., and J. W. Bushnell. The hardiness problem. Proc. Amer. Soc. 

 Hort. Sci. 17: 210-222. 1920 [1921]. — The authors give a brief r6sum(§ of the years, localities, 

 extent, and types of winter injury to various kinds of dormant fruit trees, together with 

 short discussion of horticultural practices which have developed to mitigate winter injury. 

 In summarizing the experimental work on the rest period of plants the authors state "Evidence 

 seems to indicate that a plant is more susceptible to winter injur j' after the rest period is 

 broken, although there are indications that there is a killing temperature for all species of 

 woody plants even while in deep dormancy. This temperatiu'e is seldom if ever reached for 

 some. The investigations of the rest period to date show an intimate relationship between 

 dormancy and hardiness and also furnish an accurate guide to cultural methods." Various 

 experiments are cited in which the hardiness was tested of the seedlings and cuttings of the 

 same species but collected from the southern central and northern range of the species. It 

 was found that, as a rule, the progeny were progressively less hardy the more southerly their 

 origin. Whitten, working with peaches, has shown that there is no permanent adjustment 

 in the length of the growing season of a variety as there is in a species. The authors conclude 

 "it may be safely assumed, since the species is heterozygous, that the plants of the species 

 in the north are genetically different from those farther south in that only those possessing 

 the factors for hardiness have survived." In discussing the physiological phase of hardi- 

 ness it appears to the authors that the plant as a whole does not react as a unit but some tissues 

 of the tree are more subject to injury than others. A brief discussion is given of the theories 

 of hardiness advanced by recent investigators. — H. W. Richey. 



1411. DuNLOP, W. R. A Guatemalan coffee estate. Agric. News [Barbados] 20: 114, 

 115. 1921. — This article discusses in a general way the conditions, methods employed, etc., 

 on a coffee estate of 2000 acres situated between the altitudes of 2000 and 5000 feet High 

 grade coffee is produced, and the author thinks this is due to the special conditions of altitude, 

 climate, etc., prevailing. — /. <S. Dash, 



1412. Farmer, L. J. Are fall- or ever-blooming strawberries a success? Proc. Amer. 

 Pomol. Soc. 35: 132-137. PL 32, fig. S. 1917 [1919].— A description of different fall- and 

 ever-bearing strawberry varieties is given. The origin and history of fall-bearing strawberries 

 is included, and the author believes that they are now past the experimental stage, being a 

 decided success under local conditions in New York. — E. C. Auchter. 



1413. GouRLEY, J. H. The conimercial production of the blueberry. Proc. Amer. Pomol. 

 Soc. 35: 13S-144. 1917 [1919]. — The geographical distribution of the crop is shown. The New 

 England states, with Maine leading, produce most of the crop in this country. In 1914, 

 151,636 cases of blueberries were packed in the United States. A good yield is 2000 quarts 

 per acre. Picking privileges and methods of picking are discussed. The lowbush pastures 

 are generally burned over once in 3 years. The best berries are produced on the new vigorous 

 shoots. — E. C. Auchter. 



1414. GouRLET, J. H. The effect of shading some horticultural plants. Proc. Amer. Soc. 

 Hort. Sci. 17: 256-260. 1920 [1921]. — This paper reports the observations of the effects of 

 shading apple, peach, and plum trees, and various kinds of flowers and vegetables in New 

 Hampshire. During the hottest weather the temperature was always highest in the shade, 

 while in cool weather the temperature in the shade was slightly higher during the day and 

 lower at night than the temperature in the open. The shaded leaves were much larger and 

 much thinner than the unshaded and wilted more rapidly. A difference in structure was 

 also noted. In the trees the growth in the shade was greater in length, more slender, and less 



