244 MOEPHOLOGY AND TAXONOMY OF FUNGI, ETC. [BoT. Absts., Vol. IX, 



1511. BiJL, Paul A. VAN DER. The genus Tulostoma in South. Africa. Trans. Roy. Soc. 

 South Africa 9: 185-186. PL 9. 1921. — Two species of this genus are mentioned as occurring 

 in South Africa, Tulostoma cyclophorum and T. Lesliei, the latter being described as a new 

 species. — E. M. Doidge. 



1512. BuRLiNGHAM, Gertrude S. Some new species of Russula. Mycologia 13 : 129-134. 

 PL 7 (colored), fig. 1-6. 1921. — Six new species are described and illustrated in colors. — H. R. 

 Rosen. 



1513. Collins, Marjorie I. Koteoncertain variations of the sporocyst in a species of Sapro- 

 legnia. Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 45: 277-284. Fig. 1-11. 1920.— Certain variations 

 in sporocyst formation and discharge are recorded for an undetermined species oi Saprolegnia 

 growing under both natural and cultural conditions. Leptolegnia, Pythiopsis, and Achlya 

 conditions occurred rarely, Dictyuchus and Aplanes conditions frequently. These variations 

 occurred in both club-shaped and cylindric sporocysts but were not observed arising from 

 resting sporocysts. The Dictyuchus condition differs from both of those described by 

 Lechmere and is held to be the true Dictyuchus condition. Composite sporocysts were 

 observed; the most important combine the features of Dictyuchus and Aplanes (Dictyu- 

 aplanes). Evidence is given in favor of the suggestion that the Aplanes condition has arisen 

 from the Dictyuchus by failure of the protoplast to escape from the germtube during its 

 early growth. New sporocysts are frequently formed as lateral, basal branches of old sporo- 

 cysts, owing to the blocking of the latter with empty cyst cases and germinating spores. — 

 Eloise Gerry. 



1514. Cool, Cath. Het paddenstoeljaar 1920. [The toadstool year 1920.] Levende 

 Natuur 25: 292-298. Fig. 5. 1921. — The occurrence of higher fungi in various parts of the 

 Netherlands during 1920 is reported. — /. C. Th. Uphof. 



1515. Curtis, K. M. The life-history and cytology of Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilb.) 

 Perc, the cause of wart disease in potato. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London B 210: 409-478. 

 PL 12-16. 1921. — Two forms of reproductive bodies are formed in Synchytrium endobioticum, 

 the resting sporangium and the sorus. Zoospores are liberated from the resting sporangium 

 and, after a short period of activity, can infect young tissue of the potato plant. The zoospore 

 penetrates the surface wall of an epidermal cell, a nuclear projection preceding the entrance 

 of the body. It then passes to the lower end of the cell, enlarges and becomes differentiated 

 into nucleus, cytoplasm, and outer membrane. This body is termed the prosorus. A process 

 of repeated nucleolar discharge sets in; chromatin and liuin are given off into the nuclear 

 cavity ; the chromatin is dissolved, the linin fills the cavity. The prophase of primary mitosis 

 begins after the 3rd discharge. Five delicate strands distinct from the linin mass extend from 

 the nucleolus to the opposite side of the cavity. The prosorus is invested by a thick outer 

 and delicate inner membrane. The host cell enlarges and dies. The cytoplasm and nucleus 

 of the prosorus pass through a pore in the membrane outward into the host cell. Repeated 

 mitosis takes place in the nucleus during and following emergence. The 5 minute spherical 

 chromosomes are believed to originate from a globule given off by the nucleolus. The spindle 

 is intranuclear and the membrane persists until metaphase ; centrosomes and asters are absent. 

 After about 5 mitoses the prosorus segments into 4-9 sporangia, the walls of which arise by 

 deposition of cleavage membranes independently of the nuclei. The sporangia remain in- 

 closed within the common membrane. Nuclear divisions occur until 200-300 nuclei are formed 

 in each sporangium. On absorption of water, areas are delineated by intersecting strands 

 of protoplasm and vacuoles which become the zoospores. A blepharoplast lies on the periph- 

 ery of each area and is connected on the one hand with nucleus and on the other with an 

 adjacent zoospore by deeply staining strands; the latter become cilia. Repeated divisions 

 of underlying host cells elevate the sorus, and division of adjacent epidermal cells produces a ro- 

 sette surrounding the infected cell. The pressure due to the enlarging sporangia and the swelling 

 of underlying cells ruptures the host cell and soral membrane and frees the sporangia. These 

 in turn rupture at hyaline projections and liberate uniciliate motile cells which seem to be 



