26 GENETICS [BoT. Absts., Vol. X, 



133. Thadani, K. I. Some notes on cotton in Sind. Agric. Jour. India 15: 393-397. 

 1920. — A report is presented of natural crossing and the extent to which it occurs in Gossypium 

 neglectum. The results show that vicinism causes 50-84 per cent of the plants to become 

 affected by natural cross-fertilization. The author reports the existence of cleistogamic 

 flowers. — F. M. Schertz. 



134. TiscHLER, G. [German rev. of : Hertwig, Paula. Haploide und diploide partheno- 

 genese. (Haploid and diploid parthenogenesis.) Biol. Zentralbl. 40: 145-174. 1920 (see Bot. 

 Absts. 6, Entry 1G95).] Zeitschr. Bot. 13: 463-465. 1921. 



135. TiscHLER, G. [German rev. of: Tackholm, G. On the cytology of the genus Rosa. 

 (A preliminary note.) Svensk. Bot. Tidskr. 14: 300-311. 3 fig. 1920 (see Bot. Absts. 7, Entry 

 243).] Zeitschr. Bot. 13: 467-468. 1921. 



136. Uphof, J. Th. Breeding disease-resistant plants. Gard. Chron. 69: 275. 1921. — 

 Examples are given of the successful control of plant diseases by means of the production of 

 disease-resistant forms. The necessity of cooperation between the plant pathologist and the 

 geneticist is emphasized. — H. K. Hayes. 



137. ViLMORiN, Jacques de. Sur les croisements de pois a cosses colorees. [On the 

 crossing of peas with respect to the color of the pods.] Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris 172: 

 815-817. 1921. — Among purple-flowered peas 1 variety is known with purple or partly purple 

 pods, this character being dominant over green pod color. When purple is present in yellow- 

 podded peas a bright red hue results. Among white-flowered plants grown at Verrieres, 

 some had faint traces of purple on the young green pods, and pink on the young yellow pods 

 which disappeared as the pods matured. This case is similar to Lock's "ghost" mapled seeds 

 in plants with white flowers, the complete manifestation of mapling being present only in 

 purple-flowered plants. — A cross made between a white-flowered plant with young pods faintly 

 marked with pink, and Pisum elatius, having purple flowers and green pods, resulted in a 

 Ist-generation progeny all having purple pods, as was expected. The 2nd generation gave a 

 wide variation of colors, the pods being green, purple, slightly purple, yellow, and red (purple 

 present in yellow pods), and the flowers white, purple, and pink. The seeds were garnet, 

 mapled, plain garnet, and, in the white-flowered plants, round white, or white faintly mapled. 

 The same result was obtained in a 2nd cross using a pink-flowered plant with green pods as 

 the male parent. In this cross the seeds of purple-flowered plants were red-speckled or plain 

 red. Evidently these characters all behave in Mendelian fashion, but the number of indi- 

 viduals w^as too small to establish this fact. It is suggested that raany so-called "latent'' 

 characters in animals and plants may be recognized by close observation, as, in the present 

 instance, faint purple coloring in the green pods. — Francena R. Meyer. 



138. Watson, J. A. S. Problems of animal breeding. Scottish Jour. Agric. 2: 449-456. 

 1919. — The ideal type to be striven for by the breeder of livestock must be based on commercial 

 utility. Not enough weight has been given to producing ability in breeding Ayrshires; too 

 much weight is given to legs, pasterns, feet, and hair in judging Clydesdales and not enough 

 to the more essential points, such as muscular development and width and substance of body. 

 There is great need for the development of dual-purpose short-horns and disease-resistant 

 sheep. — While neither practical breeders nor geneticists can point out easy methods by which 

 the ideals in type and utility can be acquired, certain breeding principles are discussed. Mass 

 selection: Selecting breeding stock on individuality alone frequently gives unsatisfactory 

 results because the visible characters do not picture the inborn hereditary qualities. Family 

 selection: The pedigree must be judged by the success as breeders of the immediate ancestors 

 rather than by their individual merit, and selection should be made from good families rather 

 than from good individuals. Inbreeding : Animals produced by violent out-crosses are gener- 

 ally unsatisfactory breeders and therefore the aim should be to have some degree of similarity 

 of type between parents and some measure of actual blood relationship. The question of 

 how closely inbreeding may be practiced can not be answered, but it is pointed out that in 



