No. 2, December, 1921] • GENETICS 83 



523. Claussen, P. [German rev. of: Blakeslkb, A. F. Sexuality in mucors. Science 

 51 : 375-382, 403-409. 4 fig. 1920 (sec Bot. Absts. 5, Entry 330).] Zeitschr. Bot. 13: 531-532. 

 1921. 



524. Cook, 0. F. Cotton a community crop. Jour. Heredity 11: 174-177. 1920. — Deter- 

 ioration of cotton varieties is due to cross-pollination in the field and mixing of the seed at 

 public gins. It can be avoided only by limiting each community to a single variety grown 

 from pure seed. It is shown that such limitation makes possible standardization of cultural 

 and marketing practices. — T. H. Kearney. 



525. Cook, O. F., and Robert Carter Cook. Biology and government. Further dis- 

 cussion of Alleyne Ireland's articles on democracy and the accepted facts of heredity. Jour. 

 Heredity 10: 250-25S. 1919. — Contrary to Ireland's theory that we become bimodal, or tend 

 to separate into superior and inferior groups, the author believes that the real tendency is to 

 restrict ourselves further and further toward mediocrity and inferiority. Our system uses 

 up and exterminates talent as rapidly as possible. Biological problems should be studied 

 from the standpoint of politics as much as the problems of government should be studied 

 from the standpoint of biology. Even though autocracies are the strongest governments, 

 the most benevolent autocracy cannot remain benevolent because vanity, ambition, and 

 greed are so dominant in human psychology. Great men in history have not been pro- 

 duced by centralized governments. The conspicuously great men of Germany appeared 

 while it was fairly free, not since it was an efficiently organized government. The sense of 

 present-day humanity that popular government is the best is the product of experience 

 recorded by history. Mr. Ireland's theory of government does not appear progressive but 

 archaic. The general problem of government is to develop popular systems of more direct 

 interest to the people, not to restrict interest or responsibility to a special governing class. — 

 H. H. Laughlin. 



526. Coulter, M. C. Chlorophyll inheritance. [Rev. of: (1) Winge, 0. On the non- 

 Mendelian inheritance in variegated plants. Compt. Rend. Trav. Lab. Carlsberg 14': 1-20. 

 4 fig. 1919 (see Bot. Absts. 3, Entry 307). (2) Lindstrom, E. W. Concerning the inheritance 

 of green and yellow pigments in maize seedlings. Genetics 6: 91-110. 1921 (see Bot. Absts. 9, 

 Entry 1347).] Bot. Gaz. 72: 110-112. 1921. 



527. Dearing, Charles. The production of self-fertile Muscadine grapes. Proc. Amer. 

 Soc. Hort. Sci. 1917: 30-34. 1918. — An account is given of the origin of perfect-flowered and 

 fully functional hermaphrodites in Muscadine grapes from stocks previously composed of 

 individuals either staminate or functional only as females (imperfect hermaphrodites) . Three 

 such plants were obtained among many seedlings and from distinct parentage. In the progeny 

 of these and of crosses with the best varieties of cultivated sorts, about 1,000 hermaphrodites 

 were obtained. Some of these produce fruits of a quality equal to that of the best varieties of 

 Muscadine grapes, some exhibit new characters of fruit which combine the best qualities of 

 different sorts, and some are decidedly more productive. — A. B. Stout. 



528. Emerson, R. A. The genetic relations of plant colors in maize. Cornell Univ. 

 Agric. Exp. Sta. Mem. 39. loG p., 11 colored pi. 1921. — Six major color types of maize, 

 purple, sun red, dilute purple, dilute sun red, brown, and green (colorless) ; and the subtypes, 

 weak purple, weak sun red, green-anthered purple, green-anthered sun red; and 5 genotypes 

 of green, are described and illustrated, and their environmental and genetic relations dis- 

 cussed. Sun red and dilute sun red types are shown to be dependent on light for development, 

 while purple, dilute purple, and brown develop characteristic colors in local darkness. Di- 

 versities of temperature and soil moisture are without direct effect on maize color. Infertile . 

 soil intensifies development of purple-red series (anthocyanins) but has no effect on brown 

 (flavonol) pigment. Deficiency of nitrogen, and probably also of phosphorus, is responsible 

 for the effect of infertile soils. Accumulation of carbohydrates is associated with strong color 

 development. Genetic behavior of the several color types is interpreted on the basis of 2 



