No. 3, January, 1922] ECOLOGY, PLANT GEOGRAPHY 145 



grains, some results of selection with self-fertilized crops, some results of crossing as a means 

 of improving self-fertilized crops ; cowpeas, soy beans and velvet beans ; flax and tobacco, cotton 

 and sorghum, maize breeding; grasses, clover and alfalfa; potato improvement, breeding of 

 vegetables, fruit breeding, farmers' methods of producing pure seeds. Five pages are devoted 

 to definitions of technical terms, and 20 to literature citations. — C. S. Gager. 



945. Kbnoyer, L. A. Materials for nature study in India. Indian Education 19: 441^44. 

 1921. — India has advantages over western countries (1) in richer variety of forest, field, and 

 garden plants, (2) in better range of material throughout the year, (3) possibility of carrying 

 on gardening during any or all the time that schools are in session. The monsoon season is 

 the best, because at that time material is most abundant. Plants spring up in great numbers, 

 dozens of species being discoverable in regions that, at other times, appear barren wastes. 

 The school garden is recommended as a source of material for nature study. The pupils should 

 learn that they do not need to depend on a mali to make plants grow. The author urges the 

 founding in the hills or on the seashore of one or more summer laboratories for teachers and 

 others. Most of the "botanies of the west" are unsuited to Indian schools because they treat 

 of winter-deciduous trees, rings of growth, scaly buds, fleshy-rooted biennials as if they were 

 typical, instead of specialized forms for enduring a special set of conditions. — C. S. Gager. 



946, ScHWAPPACH, A., [and others]. Neudammer Forster-Lehrbuch. [Neudamm 

 forester's text-book.] 6th ecL, 940 p. Neudamm, 1919. — A vast amount of information is 

 grouped under the major headings: Botany, zoology, ecology, forest mensuration, silviculture, 

 forest utilization, forest protection, forest organization, and hunting and fishing. The book, 

 is especially useful to forestry students. — Richard H . D. Boerker. 



CYTOLOGY 



Gilbert M. Smith, Editor 

 George S, Bryan, Assistant Editor 



(See also in this issue Entries 1072, 1074, 1084, 1095, 1247) 



947, GuiLLiERMOND, A. Nouvelles observations sur Torigine des plastides dans les 

 phanerogames. [New observations on the origin of plastids in phanerogams.] Rev. G^n. Bot. 

 33 : 401^19, 449-^70. PI. 54-66, fig. 1-8. 1921 .—The author describes the origin of leucoplasts 

 (amyloplastids) from their primordia in the tips of the roots of the gourd, Ricinus, bean, pea, 

 Zea Matjs, the bud of Elodea canadensis, the parts of the flower of Iris germanica and of Tulipa 

 suaveolens. The term "condriome" is used as a general expression for all the granules, short 

 rods, and longer slender rods in the cytoplasm that are usually known as mitochondria, chon- 

 drioconts, and chondriosomes. His description of the origin of leucoplasts from the primordia 

 agrees in all essentials with that of other investigators who have traced the origin of plastids 

 from their primordia. In all the objects studied Guilliermond acknowledges the fact already 

 established by Rudolph, Saherer, Sapihin, and Mottier, namely, that besides the primordia of 

 plastids in the cell, other similar granules and rods are present which do not become plastids. 

 In the flower of the yellow varieties of Tulipa suaveolens the pigment, xanthophyll, is elab- 

 orated by mitochondria-like plastids. It is claimed that the chondriome content of the 

 tissues above mentioned is similar to that of the cells in animals and in fungi. — D. M. Mottier. 



ECOLOGY AND PLANT GEOGRAPHY 



Henry C. Cowles, Editor 

 George D. Fuller, Assistant Editor 



(See also in this issue Entries 883, 901, 1194, 1198, 1200, 1202, 1227, 1249, 1352, 1385, 1415 



1417, 1428) 



GENERAL, FACTORS, MEASUREMENTS 



948. Allen, Winfred Emory. A quantitative and statistical study of the plankton of the 

 San Joaquin River and its tributaries in and near Stockton, California, in 1893. Univ. California 



