150 ECOLOGY, PLANT GEOGRAPHY [BoT. Absts., Vol. X, 



as follows: (1) Western, (2) Central Karroo, (3) Cape, (4) Sand- veld of the Kalahari, (5) 

 Thorn-veld of the East, (6) High-veld and mountains of the East, (7) Coast belt of the East. 

 In all these areas are habitats occupied by widespread species, such as cultivated land, streams, 

 marshes, etc. Evidence is presented with numerous examples in favor of the following con- 

 clusions: (1) A widespread species coming in contact with conditions different from those 

 which produced it may give rise to new species suited to the new conditions ; (2) the new species 

 in South Africa are usually more mesophytic than the parent but may be more xerophj^tic; 

 (3) tropical species from the northern zone may give rise to temperate species; (4) one wide- 

 spread species may give rise to several derived ones or may break up into several; (5) in many 

 cases polygenesis is indicated by the fact that the same derived species may show a widely 

 discontinuous distribution while the parent form is common over all the area. Some evidence 

 is also given that the same conclusions apply to larger groups than species. The question 

 of the origin of the South African flora is discussed and the conclusion is reached that it is prob- 

 ably of northern derivation. — W. P. Thompson. 



980. Cratty, R. I. Ranunculus Purshii in Iowa. Rhodora 22: 183. 1920. — A new 

 station is reported for this species in northern Iowa, thus extending the range several hundred 

 miles southward in the Mississippi Valley. — James P. Poole. 



981. Davy de Virville, Ad. Note sur la distribution geographique compares des Primula 

 officinalis Jacq., Primula grandiflora Lam. et Primula elatior Jacq. dans I'ouest de la France. 

 [On the geographical distribution of P. officinalis, P. grandiflora, and P. elatior in the west of 

 France.] Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris 170: 1088-1071. 1920.— The distribution of these 

 3 species in France is discussed. — C. H. Farr. 



982. Gorman, M. W. Flora of Hamilton Mountain, Washington. Mazama 6: 62-77. 

 1920. — A list is given of 7 pteridophytes and about 190 spermatophytes, with localities. The 

 mountain, 2,432 feet high, is in Skamania County, Southwestern Washington. — T. C. Frye. 



983. Kaiser, George B. Little journeys into mossland. I. Early bryological experiences. 

 Bryologist 23: 88-90. 1920. — An account is given of a day's botanizing near Philadelphia. — 

 E. B. Chamberlain. 



984. Long, Bayard. A further note on Crepis biennis. Rhodora 22: 192-193. 1920. — 

 The discovery is reported of another authentic specimen of this species in addition to the 3 

 reported in a previous paper (see Bot. Absts. 4, Entry 347). This specimen, from the her- 

 barium of Dr. Meredith, was collected from the lawn of the State Hospital at Danville, Penn- 

 sylvania, June 6, 1889, probably introduced in imported grass seed. The collector reports 

 that it did not occur a 2nd year. — James P. Poole. 



985. Moore, Barrington, C. C. Adams, T. L. Hankinson, G. P. Burns, and Norman 

 Taylor. Plants and animals of Mt. Marcy, New York. [Abstract.] Ecology 1 : 61. 1920. 



986. MuRRiLL, W. A. Botanizing at Blacksburg, Virginia. Jour. New York Bot. Gard. 

 21: 191-193. 1920. 



987. Nelson, J. C. Crepis setosa in Oregon. Rhodora 22: 191-192. 1920.— The occur- 

 rence is noted of C. capillaris and C. seiosa Haller f . in the Willamette Valley, both as intro- 

 duced weeds. The absence of C. biennis in that region is further confirmed by the author. — 

 James P. Poole. 



988. Nelson, J. C. Does Saximontanus mean "Rocky Mountains"? Rhodora 22: 194- 

 195. 1920. — The author calls attention to the fact that "saximontanus" is properly applied 

 only to the part of the Rocky Mountain system from the Laramie Plains northward (the 

 "Stony Mountains") and not to the southern Park Mountains, "saxa" meaning stone but 

 detached fragments rather than bold cliffs and bare rocks, which would be described as "rupes" 

 or "scopuli." Through general usage, however, the word has become applied to the whole 

 Rocky Mountain system. — James P. Poole. 



