234 BIBLIOGRAPHY, BIOGRAPHY, HISTORY [BoT. Absts., Vol. X, 



Calathiana. The earliest figure, as well as the first English description, is that of Lyte (1578), 

 and Britten cites many other pre-Linnean illustrations and a number of early records of 

 British localities. — M. F. Warner. 



1541. Britten, James. "John Frederick Miller and his Icones." (Bibliographical notes, 

 LXXVIII.) Jour. Botany 57: 353. 1919.— This refers to a note (LIII) published in 1913, 

 describing a fascicle of 7 plates bound with the Icones Animalium et Plantarum of John 

 Frederick Miller, but which are actually by his father, John Miller. — Neil E. Stevens. 



1542. [Britten, James.] Robert Allen Rolfe. Jour. Botany 59: 182-183. 1921.— The 

 botanical work of Rolfe, who died April 13, 1921, is summarized. He had been at Kew since 

 1879, devoting himself to the Orchidaceae, but "much good work in other orders stands to 

 his credit." The name Rolfea was given by Zahlbriickner in his honor to a Guiana orchid 

 which had been named by Rolfe Jenmania, in ignorance of the fact that this generic name 

 was preempted. — M. F. Warner. 



1543. Britten, James. The Compendium of Smith's 'English Flora.' (Bibliographical 

 notes. LXXXIV.) Jour. Botany 59: 176-178. 1921. — Under this head Britten discusses the 

 several editions of this book, and the crediting of the 1st (1829) to Aeneas Maclntyre, with 

 mention of other work by him. — M. F. Warner. 



1544. Britten, James. The true Shamrock and how to identify it. Garden 85: 139-140. 

 1921. — Facts and traditions are presented regarding the Shamrock, with quotations from early 

 botanical writings showing that the name was originally applied to both purple and white 

 clovers (Trifolium pratense and T. repens), and later generally restricted to the white. For 

 a long time, however, it has been applied strictly to T. minus, the lesser yellow trefoil. — 

 M. F. Warner. 



1545. Brockmann-Jerosch, H. Surampfele und Surchrut. Ein Rest aus der Sammel 

 stelle der Ureinwohner der Schweizeralpen. [Sorrels ; a survival of the food resources of the 

 primitive inhabitants of the Swiss Alps.] Neujahrsbl. Naturf. Ges. Zurich 123: 1-28. 1921. — 

 The knowledge of wild plants still used as food throws light on primitive foodstuffs, and an 

 example is found in Swiss species of Rumex, which are indigenous in the Alps, are widely 

 distributed, and in their popular names give evidence of wide and long-continued use. The 

 tender sour forms of the section Acetosella are gathered and eaten by children and also sold 

 in the markets. They are sometimes cultivated and crossed with the less acid, large-leaved 

 species of the section Lapathum, producing a plant of more luxuriant growth, a process of 

 improvement which has long been practised. Rumex alpinus, the "Blacken" or "Blackten," 

 which grows everywhere in Switzerland, has popular names indicating a varied utilization. 

 Its young leaves are eaten like spinach, while its fresh stalks are eaten raw as a tidbit by both 

 children and adults. It is a substitute for the costly Asiatic rhubarb of the pharmacopoea, 

 and its leaves are used externally as cooling applications. But its largest use at the present 

 time is as fodder for pigs, the leaves being gathered in season and either dried or cooked and 

 stored for winter consumption in the form known as "Mass." "Blackten" is rather exten- 

 sively grown in gardens, often very crudely cultivated, but sometimes well manured and 

 tended. Thus the use of Rumex alpinus in Switzerland today corresponds to all stages of 

 human culture, exhibiting: (1) Plants growing wild, unused; (2) plants gathered for use; 

 (3) wild plants tended with reference to competition and perpetuation; (4) actual cultivated 

 plants. Researches in literature and tradition show, moreover, that "Blackten" was a 

 primitive economic plant, and that "Mass" was originally a human food. — M. F. Warner. 



1546. BuNYARD, E. A. Cherry culture in Kent. Garden 85: 256-257. 1921.— The article 

 concerns the culture of cherries, which is said to have been "revived" bj' Richard Harris, 

 gardener to Henry VIII. The story of Harris is given in The Husbandman's Fruitful Orchard 

 (1609), and the passage quoted, showing that he brought "out of Fraunce great store of 

 graftes, especially Pippins, before which time there were no Pippins in England," also cher- 



