No. 4, February, 1922] BIBLIOGRAPHY, BIOGRAPHY, HISTORY 235 



ries and pears from the Low Countries, does not indicate that cherry culture had languished 

 before that time. Numerous references are given to show that, on the contrary, cherries 

 must have been largely grown in mediaeval times and ever since. — M. F. Warner 



1547. C, J. The size of yew trees. Garden 85: 205-206. 1921.— Mention is made of an 

 article in Glasgow Naturalist, Vol. V., No. 1, by John Renwick, entitled "Yew trees in the 

 Cb'de area," which gives measurement of the yew at Loudoun Castle, Ayrshire, taken 1911. 

 At 2 feet from the ground it measured 13 feet, 9^ inches and had a spread of 81 feet. Four 

 centuries may be given as a very probable age for this yew, under whose branches it is said 

 that the articles of union between Scotland and England were signed. Other measurements 

 and statements from Renwick's article are quoted. — M. F. Warner. 



1548. Durham, H. E. Some etymological notes. Jour. Pomol. 2: 115-129. 1921. — 

 Numerous derivations have been suggested for the name Permain or Pearmain, but the use 

 of the word in very old literature in connection with the Warden pear indicates that it was 

 applied to a fruit of great keeping quality, hence it was probably from the old French permain- 

 dre or parmaindre (Latin permanere). Of the names Reinette and Queening, the former 

 was probably derived from Reginetta or Little Queen, the latter more likely from coin or 

 quoin (angle), on account of the angular form of the fruit. So, too. Quince may have come 

 from the same source, because of its ribbed fruit, rather than from the Cretan town of Cydon 

 whence it was originally exported. The Calville or Calleville, as the apple itself is of Norman 

 origin, is probably named from the commune of Calleville in the D^partement de I'Eure. 

 Codling or Quodlin is not from "coddle," to parboil, but more likely from the rattling of its 

 pips like pease in a cod. The old apple, Gennet Moyle, from Gennet a mule or hybrid, and 

 Moyle a scion or graft, meaning therefore a hybrid produced by grafting. The Normans 

 belong to the bitter-sweet group, and were probably named from Normandy, where that 

 class of apples is highly esteemed today, and it was therefore unfortunate to attempt to sub- 

 stitute the name Hereford for Norman. Under Peaches, Pavies, Nectarines, and Brugnons, 

 Hogg's inaccurate use of these terms is noted. — M. F. Warner. 



1549. Earle, F. S. S. M. Tracy as a botanist. Torreya 21: 64-65. 1921.— Tracy's main 

 work was with forage-plants adapted to the southern states [U. S. A.], but as a botanist his 

 interests were chiefly taxonomic. Most of his activity was in field-work and collecting. He 

 specialized in the grasses and their parasitic fungi. Most of his botanical papers deal with 

 the latter group. — J . C. Nelson. 



1550. Fawcett, William. William Harris. Kew Bull. 1921: 31-32. 1921.— An appre- 

 ciation by a colleague of Harris' work in connection with the government gardens in Jamaica 

 and as collector and student of its flora. Harris died Oct. 11, 1920, in Kansas City, U. S. A. — 

 M. F. Warner. 



1551. Fink, Bruce. Lincoln Ware Riddle, lichenist. Bryologist 24: 33-36. Portrait. 

 1921. — Dr. Riddle (1880-1921) was born in Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts, graduated and 

 received his doctorate from Harvard. His professional career was at Wellesley College, 

 save for a j'ear of study in Europe and a slightly longer period as assistant professor at Har- 

 vard. He had from youth been interested in botany, later specializing in lichens, in which 

 group he was an authority. The bibliography includes 24 titles. — E. B. Chamberlain. 



15.52. G[6rardin], E. Quelques considerations sur les camphres de Borneo et de N'gai. 

 Le camphre, parfum precieux, cosmetique et antipestilentiel au Moyen kge. [Consideration of 

 Borneo and Ngai camphor, and camphor as a perfume, cosmetic and antipestilential in the Mid- 

 dle Ages.] Parfumerie Moderne 14: 118-119. 1921. — Botanical sources and properties are 

 given of Borneo camphor (Dryohalanops aromatica) and Ngai (Blumea balsamtfera) . From 

 Rhazes (923 A.D.) it is inferred that the drug known in remote times was probably from 

 Dryohalanops rather than Laurus (Cinnamomum) Camphora. The author gives historical 

 notes on camphor as a perfume and the special receptacles made to contain it. Its use in 

 Persia is recorded in 636, and it was in high esteem among the Arabs, in Egypt, India, and 



