No. 4, February, 1922] FORESTRY 245 



(value 220,000,000 marks) are produced annually. In removing fuel wood, the stumps also 

 are taken in many localities, Buttner has constructed 3 machines, "Baumwinde," "Hebel- 

 baumrode machine," and "Zahnleisten-Waldteufel." The 1st may be used to push or pull 

 over trees, the 2nd is a pushing machine, and the 3rd a pulling machine. Where thinnings 

 and partial fellings are made, the pushing machines, which can control the fall, are preferred. 

 The pulling machines are primarily for final and clear cuttings. In 80-90-year old spruce, 

 beech, and oak stands, the 3rd machine can pull down 20-25 trees at a time, and 200-250 trees 

 in a day. — J . Roeser. 



1624. EcKBO, Nils B. Industrial timber research abroad and in South Africa. South 

 African Jour. Indust. 4: 534-539. G fig. 1921. — This, the 1st installment of a series of articles 

 on the subject, gives an account of research institutions in the U. S. A., India, Canada, Aus- 

 tralia, and England. The elimination of waste and improved utilization of forest products 

 are essential in view of the world shortage of timber. — E. M. Doidge. 



1625. Fankhauser. Zur Kenntnis der Larche. [The larch.] Zeitschr. Forst- u. Jagdw. 

 51: 2S9-297. Fig. 1-3. 1919.— The degree of thrift and range of the larch depends upon 

 plentiful and permanent soil moisture, not upon depth of soil. Surface drj'ness is overcome 

 by the deep-growing main root and subsidiary "Senkerwurzeln," which often attain a length 

 of 9 m. The enormous water loss by transpiration (as compared with spruce, pine, beech, 

 etc.) is believed to explain the fact that larch is the only native deciduous conifer. The 

 shedding, according to the author, avoids a conflict between transpiration and reduced water 

 absorption. In extraordinary drought, larch maintains itself by its capability of shedding 

 its foliage. Larch in mixture with Norway spruce (Picea excelsa) fails, not because of greater 

 intolerance, but because the crown cover of spruce prevents precipitation from reaching the 

 soil, while the shallow wide-spreading network of roots gradually produces a condition of 

 dryness unfavorable to larch. Larch thrives in mixture with pine and beech, as neither of 

 these effectively intercepts precipitation or competes for moisture as does spruce. In beech 

 stands the surface layer of leaves effectively prevents surface desiccation. — /. Roeser. 



1626. Frombling, C. Achtet derniederen Pflanzenwelt ! [Consider the lower vegetable 

 kingdom!] Zeitschr. Forst- u. Jagdw. 51: 33-37. 1919.— According to the author the lower 

 forms of plant life in the forest offers a reliable indicator in solving many otherwise diflBcult 

 problems. He expects that little success in natural regeneration will be attained by anyone 

 not familiar with these plants. In general, the more productive a soil, the more abundant 

 its lower flora, and the less the likelihood that a single species will become dominant. Con- 

 versely, the poorer a soil, the more meagre the plant covering, and the greater the chances 

 of supremacy by a single species. — /. Roeser. 



1627. GooR, E. En Perse. — Notes de voyage en octobre-novembre 1913. [In Persia: — 

 notes of a journey from October to November 1913.] Bull. Soc. Centrale Forest. Belgique 

 24: 1-11. 1921. 



1628. Guthrie, J. D. On the Murman coast. Amer. Forest. 27: 155-159. 10 fig. 1921.— 

 The Murman coast is a part of Russian Lapland stretching from North Cape to the White 

 Sea. This article touches here and there on the vegetation and forest growth of the region. — 

 Chas. H. Otis. 



1629. Hamjiatt, R. F. California's redwoods and her highways. Intercoll. Forest 

 Club Ann. 1 : 19-20. 1921. 



1630. Hemmann. Forstliche Organization. [Forest organization.] Zeitschr. Forst- u. 

 Jagdw. 51: 401—406. 1919. — The profession of forestry in Germany has, up to the present 

 time, failed to present a consolidated working unit. The forest superintendents (Ober- 

 Forster) have organizations in practically all German states, and in several instances the 

 lower classes of forest employees are united; but there is a more or less distinct line between 

 these and the organizations of the separate states, which the author describes in detail. Bv 



