No. 4, February, 1922] FORESTRY 247 



1636. KiENiTZ, M. Vorschlage fiir die Hartznutzung 1919 auf Grund der Beobachtungen 

 und Versuche in Chorin. [Suggestions on the tapping for resin, based on observations and 

 experiments in Chorin.] Zeitschr. Forst- u. Jagdw. 51 : G-32. 2 fig. 1919. — The author de- 

 scribes in detail the results of experiments on tapping for resin, with especial reference to 

 depth and width of wounding, location of wound, location and kind of receptacles, loss of 

 resin by evaporation, kinds of cutting tools, etc. As a rule, each tree receives 2 blazes, on 

 opposite sides, aggregating § of the circumference. Cutting is begun above and continued 

 downward, and is done every 2 daj^s. A new tree is tapped as near the root swelling as pos- 

 sible, and in all cases the vessels are attached low enough to permit a summer's cutting with- 

 out moving the vessel. To prevent loss of turpentine oil by evaporation, the resin is removed 

 promptly. — /. lioeser. 



1637. KiENiTZ, M. Was ist denn jetzt Mode: Saat oder Pflanzung? [What is the present 

 style: sowing or planting?] Zeitschr. Forst- u. Jagdw. 51: 417-436. Fig. 1-9. 1919. — Present 

 conditions in Germany, large areas of cut-over land lying bare and man-power scarce, have 

 developed the practice of producing new stands of pine by plowing, sowing with drill machines, 

 and replacing failures by planting. As post-war conditions disappear, it is believed planting 

 will again come into use. Natural regeneration is secured only after heavy seed years, and 

 then only on areas entirely open, or shaded only at the side. Artificial sowing is successful 

 only when the seedlings have a continuous moisture supply, since ordinarily a superficial 

 root system is developed under the influence of the surface humus layer, and the plants there- 

 fore succumb easily during periods of drought. Planting is regarded as the only successful 

 method, as a deep root-system is developed and the loosened soil in the planting holes brings 

 about a better distribution of moisture. The author's experiments show that planting with 

 a semi-conical spade produces better results and is cheaper than the other more elaborate 

 planting methods, and that the cost of planting, calculated through the first 3 years, is actually 

 less than the cost of sowing. — J. Roeser. 



16.38. Knesebeck, von. Der Verkauf von Holz zur Selbstwerbung und Massnahmen zur 

 Bekampfung der Brennholznot auf dem Lande. [The sale of wood for removal and measures 

 to be taken in combating the fuel-wood shortage.] Zeitschr. Forst- u. Jagdw. 51: 83-97. 

 1919. — The author calls attention to the merits, in war and post-war times, of the new practice 

 of letting the customer remove his own wood under the supervision of foresters, and outlines 

 management plans for sales of sawtimber and removal of faggot wood under the system of 

 'self-felling." A set of rules for controlling the fuel-wood supply and demand in the country 

 is also given. — J. Roeser. 



1639. KoRDVAHR. Der Wert von Waldbestanden, [The value of forest stands.] Zeit- 

 schr. Forst- u. Jagdw. 51: 140-144. 1919. — Forest prices are not determined by the interest 

 with which the yield is capitalized, but by conditions which are independent of the yield. 

 The difficulty of evaluating forest lands is due to the fact that only part of the principle can 

 be converted into capital at once (tangible value), the remainder attaining its full value only 

 after a long time (intangible value). The profit is the siun of the excess in the value of the 

 increment over the expenses; the siun of the yearly savings, with interest, is derived from the 

 cultural expenses and is comparable to the final value of a rental which is paid at the close 

 of each year and finally at the final cutting. The author regards it as noteworthy that the 

 value of stands is greater when calculated by simple interest than by compound interest, 

 even though a rate as low as 1 per cent is chosen for compound interest. The writer includes 

 numerous equations for calculating values. — /. Roeser. 



1640. KoRDVAHU. Gedanken iiber Zweck und Ziel der Forstwirtschaft. [The purpose 

 and the goal of forest management.] Zeitschr. Forst- u. Jagdw. 51: 1-6. 1919. — The question 

 to be considered is whether a stand is to be managed to produce a maximiun rate of interest 

 or a product of greatest value. The author urges that the ethical and aesthetic values of 

 the forest should be cultivated in preference to the material, and that the German forests 

 should not be managed by those financially interested, but should be controlled by the state 

 or community. — /. Roeser. 



