No. 4, February, 1922] GENETICS 253 



mental test ratings were made by unskilled and semi-skilled laborers capable of routine work 

 as privates; (2) many skilled laborers and clerical workers showed capacity to serve as non- 

 commissioned officers; (3) semi-professionals made up a large percentage of the commissioned 

 officers; (4) professional men of highest intellectual type furnished the most superior officer 

 material. — M. C. Gould. 



1673. Anonymous. The heredity and environment of a great botanist. Jour. Heredity 11 : 

 6. 1920. — This article gives the writer's impressions on reading Leonard Huxley's Life and 

 Letters, by Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker. — Merle C. Coulter. 



1674. Anonymous. Variation in scarlet runner beans. Gard. Chron. 69: 176. 1921. — 

 J. de Vilmorin displayed before the French National Horticultural Society a series of seed- 

 color variations in beans from natural crosses between scarlet runner, Phaseolus multiflorus, 

 and a black-seeded form of the same species. By the 2nd year 10 new colors had appeared. 

 "INIost of the possible combinations between the colors, 'wine-color,' black, gray, and maroon, 

 were displayed, in many different kinds of marbling, varying in intensity and extent." No 

 attempt was made to analyze the phenomena from the Mendelian standpoint. Comparison 

 is made of the anthocyanin content of these beans. — L. R. Waldron. 



1675. Anonymous. Deficiency in intellect found to be correlated with deficiency in the 

 number of brain cells. [Rev. of: Ellis, Robert S. A preliminary study of the Purkinje cells 

 in normal, subnormal, and senescent human cerebella, with some notes on functional locali- 

 zation. Jour. Comparative Neurol. 30: No. 2. Feb. 1919.] Jour. Heredity 10: 359. 1919.— 

 Examination of a number of cerebella showed that the number of Purkinje cells varies under 

 different conditions. In cases of paresis, extreme old age, and idiocy, the number of Purkinje 

 cells is reduced by disintegration^ and there is deficiency in motor coordination. This raises 

 the question as to the extent to which differences in percentage of cells may be the anatomical 

 basis for mental defect. The author contends that all such cases are due to some form of 

 antenatal degeneration. — M. C. Gould. 



1676. Allen, W. J. Gravenstein grafts at Bathurst. Agric. Gaz. New South Wales 32: 

 511. 1921. — Evidence goes to show that the stock exerts an effect upon the scion, resulting 

 in a "twisting" effect which is absent in the tree from which the scions were taken. — L. R. 

 Waldron. 



1677. Bataillon, Charles. Spermies couplees et heterochromosome dans la lignee 

 typique d'une Turritelle. [Paired sperms and heterochromosome in the typical line of a Tur- 

 ritella.] Compt. Rend. Soc. Biol. 84: 219-222. 1 fig. 1921.— Spermatozoa of Turrifella com- 

 munis are found in pairs more or less closely united throughout their length. This rare 

 phenomenon was observed in the Opossum by Selenka and in Dytiscidae by Ballowitz, but 

 its origin was studied only superficially or not at all. In Turritella it has its origin in matu- 

 ration. The 2nd maturation division results in 2 distinct cells, which later fuse into practi- 

 cally a binucleate cell. Development of the pair has been traced through all stages to adult 

 spermatozoa. Presumably they separate at or before fertilization, but this has not been 

 proved. The 1st maturation division is unequal, 1 secondary spermatocyte receiving a larger 

 chromosome than the other. From each secondary spermatocyte comes 1 pair of spermatozoa, 

 hence these pairs are of 2 kinds. If heterochromosomes of the 1st division are X and Y, some 

 pairs are male-producing, others female-producing. — A. Franklin Shull. 



1678. Bateson, W. Root-cuttings and chimeras. II. Jour. Genetics 11: 91-97. PL 13- 

 IJj.. 1921. — The author reports the occurrence of a red double-flowered Bouvardia from root 

 cuttings of the double pinkish white Bridesmaid variety, also of a single-flowered form from 

 root cuttings of the new double red variety, and lists 12 varieties whose progeny from root 

 cuttings were exactly alike. Other anomalies in flower and foliage color arising from root 

 cuttings are noted. — Three sports arising from root sprouts of cuttings of fancy named varie- 

 ties of Pelargonium are described, and differences between "type" and "sport" foliage and 



BOTANICAL ABSTRACTS, VOL. X, NO. 4 



