260 . GENETICS [Box. Absts., Vol. X, 



1707. GoLDSCHMiDT, RiCHARD. Kleine Beobachtungen und Ideen zur Zellenlehre. II. 

 Die Spermatogenese eines parthenogenetischen Frosches nebst Bemerkungen zur Frage welches 

 Geschlecht bei den Amphibien das Heterozygotische ist. [Minor observations and ideas in 

 cytology. II. The spermatogenesis of a parthenogenetic frog with comments on the question 

 which is the heterozygous sex in amphibia.] Arch. Zellf. 15: 283-290. 1920. — The author 

 reports the diploid number of 26 chromosomes in the testis of an adult frog which J. Loeb 

 produced by artificial parthenogenesis. He discusses possible explanations of this occurrence 

 and suggests that the female is heterozygous for a sex chromosome. — C L. Parmenter. 



1708. GoLDscHMiDT, RiCHARD. Zur quantitativen Auffassung multipler Allelomorphe. 

 [Quantitative conception of multiple allelomorphs.] Zeitschr. Indukt. Abstamm.- u. Vererb. 

 26: 285-287. 1 fig. 1921. — MuUer has shown that the multiple allelomorphs for eye color in 

 Drosophila can not be fitted to an ordinary probability curve, and contends that they are 

 not quantitative variations of a single gene. The quantitative conception of multiple allelo- 

 morphs demands not that they fit a single probability curve, but several such curves over- 

 lapping each other. MuUer's 2nd argiunent, based on the theory that the factors located on 

 the X-chromosome produce the same effect in both sexes, is also held invalid. The effect 

 of any 1 factor is a result of dominance rather than of quantity. — P. C. Mangelsdorf. 



1709. Goodrich, E. W. Some problems in evolution. Sci. Monthly 13: 316-321. 1921.— 

 This address emphasizes the fundamental problem of how genetic factors of an organism 

 originate and change. Guyer's anti-lens tests suggest that environmental influences give 

 rise to heritable mutations. The share of mind in evolution is discussed, with the statement 

 that mind and body evolved together. — L. Pace. 



1710. GowEN, JohnW. Inheritance in crosses of dairy and beef breeds of cattle. II. On 

 the transmission of milk yield to the first generation. Jour. Heredity 11 : 300-316. Fig. 5-15. 

 1920.— Results of crosses among x\berdeen Angus, Holstein-Friesian, Jersey, Guernsey, and 

 Ayrshires in relation to milk yield are discussed. One cross-bred from a Holstein-Friesian 

 cow and a Jersey bull resembled closely the expected potential milk production of the Jersey. 

 This is probably due to segregation of factors for low milk production rather than 

 dominance of low production. From the other cases it appears that high milk yield is 

 partiall}' dominant to low milk yield, since cross-breds resemble high parents more closely 

 in this respect than they do low parents. Other investigations on this subject are briefly 

 reviewed. — E. Roberts. 



1711. Habcker, V. Weitere phanogenetische Untersuchungen an Farbenrassen. [Fur- 

 ther phenogenetical studies of color races.] Zeitschr. Indukt. Abstamm.- u. Vererb. 25: 177- 

 184. 1 pi. 1921. — The dark races of Axolotl studied by Haecker were heterozygous. The 

 author suggests that the varying proportions of the 2 types of pigment cells are probably due 

 to "demoralization" of the conditions of equilibrium between the corial and epidermal cells 

 resulting from hybridization. Reviewing the work of F. Dyckerhoff, Standfuss, Zurich, and 

 Huemer on melanism of butterflies, the author concludes that melanism is clearly hereditary 

 and readily influenced. Citing the work of Ladebech, Gortner, Spottel, L. Jones, and K. 

 Paul on melanism in fowls, he notes that the more highly bred fowls lack transitional types 

 of pigment cells. Gortner's distinctions between dull yellow-black-brown melanism and 

 bright yellow-red-brown melani-protein appear less simple than they at first seemed. Obser- 

 vations on distribution of birds are given to show that climatic conditions determine the 

 expression of coloration of different types. — M. Mann. 



1712. Harms, W. Das Problem der Geschlechtsumstimmung und die sogenannte Ver- 

 jiingung. [The problem of sex modification and so-called "rejuvenescence."] Naturwissen- 

 schaften 11 : 184-189. 1921. — Experiments on the efi"ects of gonad transplanation, particularly 

 those of Steinach, are not entirely corroborated by the author's researches on very young 

 porpoises. The transplanting of ovaries into a very young male did not result in the devel- 

 opment of the rudimentary uterus present at birth. The results were essentially those of 



