No. 4, Februart, 1922] MORPHOLOGY, ETC., VASC. PLANTS 275 



1811. PuiG, Juan-. Estudios y observaciones sobre viti-vinicultura. [Studies in viti- 

 culture and wine-making.] Inspeci6n Nacion. Ganaderia y Agric. [Uruguay] Bol. 38. lJf.2 p., 

 14 fig. 1920. — The author reviews the experimental work in grape-growing and wine-making 

 carried on over a period of 5 years at the agronomical laboratory at Sayago, Uruguay. The 

 results of chemical tests to determine density, acidity, and sugar content of the expressed 

 juice and resulting wines from all available varieties for these years are tabulated. Studies 

 were made of the time of ripening of the fruit of varieties under trial. — John A. Stevenson. 



1812. Tevis, May. The attar of roses. Sci. Amer. Monthly 3: 409-413. 9 fig. 1921.— 

 French and Bulgarian methods of producing the essential oil of rose petals are described. — 

 Chas. H. Otis. 



1813. Torres, Antonio. Aceite de los huesos de las aceitunas. [Oil from olive pits.] 

 Bol. Agric. T4c. y Econ. [Espaiia] 12: 676-680. 1920. 



1814. Torres, Antonio. Aprovechamiento de los residuos de la fabricacion de aceite de 

 oliva. [Use of the residues from the manufacture of olive oil.] Bol. Agric. Tec. y Econ. 

 [Espaiia] 12: -420-432. 1920. — The residue remaining after the extraction of oil from olives 

 can be utilized for manufacturing fertilizers, alcohol, and other products. — John A. Stevenson. 



1815. WoLK, P. C. VAN DER. Het fermenteeren van muskaat-noten. [Fermenting of 

 nutmeg.] Cultura 33: 255-259. 1921. — The fermentation of nutmegs before marketing is 

 frequently mentioned in literature before 1860, but subsequently the practice was abandoned. 

 After the mace and shells were removed, the fruits were dried, sorted, and placed in a brine 

 of lime and sea water. The wet nuts were then placed in boxes and left up to 3 months, during 

 which time fermentation took place. Finally the fruits were dried. The suggestion is made 

 that this fermentation process should again be used as it is said to improve the quality of 

 the nuts.—/. C. Th. Uphof. 



IVIORPHOLOGY, ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY OF VASCULAR 



PLANTS 



E. W. SiNNOTT, Editor 

 (See also in this issue Entries 1463, 1489, 1602, 1678, 1681, 1682, 1872, 1874, 1940, 2000) 



1816. Arbbr, Agnes. The leaf structure of the Iridaceae considered in relation to the 

 phyllode theory. Ann. Botany 35: 301-336. 66 fig. 1921. — The theory that the monocotyle- 

 donous leaf is morphologically a phyllode is applied to the various types found in the Iridaceae. 

 The ensiform (equitant isobilateral) type is shown to be similar in many respects (even in 

 its occasional association with a winged axis) to the phyllodes of Acacia. It is regarded as 

 a petiolar phyllode and not the result of congenital concrescence as stated by other authors. 

 The "radial" types found in certain species are shown to be variants on the ensiform type. 

 The dorsiventral type with cylindrical apex is regarded as a leaf-base phyllode terminating 

 in a more or less vestigial petiole, while the type which is dorsiventral to the extreme tip is 

 regarded as entirely leaf base. The peculiar foliated types of Babiana, Cypella, etc., are 

 shown to arise from a simple petiolar structure through invaginations sometimes associated 

 with the development of keels or wings. The leaves of Crocoideae are also interpreted as 

 petiolar phyllodes, the divergent types being due to different forms of invagination. The 

 general course of evolution of the leaf of this family is discussed and it is concluded that the 

 ensiform type is primitive for the family and that the other types have been derived from it 

 either by the reduction of the petiolar region, or by the elaboration of this region through 

 winging or invagination. — W. P. Thompson. 



1817. Betts, M. Winifred. Notes from the Canterbury College Mountain Biological 

 Station, Cass. No. 7. — The rosette plants Part I. Trans and Proc. New Zealand Inst. 52: 

 253-275. 35 fig. 1920. — This paper gives a list of the indigenous rosette plants, nimabering 



