288 PATHOLOGY [BoT. Absts., Vol. X, 



of wounds with expressed juice. The incubation period in January was 16 days. Radish 

 [Raphanus sativus] is not affected and is not a "carrier." [See also Bot. Absts. 10, Entry 1888.] 

 — D. Reddick. 



1882. Hubert, Ernest E. Notes on sap stain fungi. Phytopathology 11: 214-224. 

 PI. 7, fig. 1-4. 1921. — Two types of wood stain due to fungi were studied. A grayish-olive 

 discoloration due to Lasiosphaeria pezizula was observed in timbers of beech (Fagus grandi- 

 folia), red gum, and persimmon {Diospyros virginiana) . The discoloration is due to massing 

 of the olivaceous hyphae, which are most abundant in and near the medullary ray cells. 

 These cells are modified to some extent, but no distinct decomposition of the cell wall was 

 observed. — The 2nd type studied was a grayish-blue staining of various coniferous and hard- 

 wood timbers by Ceratostomella sp. The staining is confined almost entirely to sap-wood. 

 The hyphae are able to penetrate the cell walls, though they usually pass through the pits. 

 The enzjTnes which decompose the wood seem to be confined to the tips of young hyphae. 

 The vessel walls are not noticeably decomposed, but the walls of the ray cells are often so 

 decomposed as probably to produce a slight weakening of the timber. — In both tj'pes the 

 discoloration may mask the attacks of other more serious wood-destroying fungi. — B, B. 

 Higgins. 



1883. Leendertz, C. J. Een Botrytis-ziekte op roode bessen en rabarber. [A Botrytis 

 disease of red currants and rhubarb.] Tijdschr. Plantenz. 26: 173-175. 1920. — This disease 

 affects primarily the leaf margins, which turn yellow and die; if plants are attacked when 

 young dwarfing occurs. Shoots of affected plants make a weak growth. Sclerotia are formed 

 on the leafless shoots, especially at leaf scars. These sclerotia after overwintering produce 

 conidiophores and conidia in the spring. Winter spraying with carbolineum and summer 

 applications of Bordeaux mixture are suggested as means of control. The Botrytis disease 

 of rhubarb, which followed cold weather in 1920, causes wilting of leaves and petioles. Coni- 

 diophores develop abundantly on all parts of the leaf. Complete removal of all leaves at time 

 of pulling and trimming is suggested as the most practical control measure; spraying with 

 Bordeaux mixture is also suggested. — H. H. Whetzel. 



1884. MizusAWA, I. A bacterial rot of the saffron crocus. (In Japanese.) Bull. Kanagawa 

 Prefecture Agric. Exp. Sta. 51. 29 p., 4- pl- 1921. — In Kanagawa Prefecture an injurious 

 disease has gradually spread since 191G-1917 in the fields of saffron crocus {Crocus sativus), 

 cultivated for medicinal purposes. The disease shows 2 symptoms: (1) In November, a 

 basal soft rot affects the leaves, causing them to become yellow and easily detachable from 

 the bulb, which later may either rot completely or produce numerous leaf buds; (2) the most 

 common type of the disease appears first in middle December. A yellowish color begins at 

 the leaf-tips and spreads until the entire leaves become yellow and finally die the following 

 January or February; this is due to slow rotting of roots and bulb. Repeated inoculation 

 experiments on disinfected leaves and bulbs demonstrated that Bacillus croci sp. nov. is the 

 causal organism. The following characters are given: A short cylindrical rod with rounded 

 ends, solitary or rarely in pairs, 3.2-1.2 X l.l-0.6;u, actively motile by 2-4 peripherical cilia 

 which are 8-10, often IBn, long; no spores or capsules distinguished; Gram negative; growth 

 on agar milky-white, moist, smooth, and glistening, later wrinkled and diminished in luster; 

 optimum temperature 25-28°C., thermal death point 55°C. (10 minutes); reduces methylene 

 blue; reduces nitrates to nitrites; produces no indol or ammonia; does not produce hydrogen 

 sulphide; coagulates milk; liquifies gelatin but not mannan; facultatively anaerobic; renders 

 neutral bouillon gradually alkaline; produces no gas or pigments; grows luxuriantly in a 

 medium containing various kinds of sugar (except cane sugar) ; best growth in acid media, 

 meager in alkaline; pathogenic to Crocus sativus L.; infectious without incisions to narcissus 

 hyacinth, with incisions to purple crocus, onion {Allium ccpa) , and\Yelsh. onion A. (fistulosum) ; 

 Group number 221.2233032. Laboratory experiments show that the organism is very suscept- 

 ible to alkaline disinfectants, and resistant to acid. It is killed by a few minutes' exposure 

 to lime water. The author suggests that applying lime to the field and soaking seed bulbs in 

 lime water should therefore be effective for control of the disease. — S. Hori. 



