No. 4, Febrttart, 1922] PHYSIOLOGY 301 



acid, but does not change alcohol production. The ratio of alcohol to acetic acid fluctuates 

 more under anaerobic than under aerobic fermentation, oxygen being believed to inhibit 

 autoreduction. Aerobic fermentation products show less gain in oxygen than anaerobic; 

 water may be the oxygen source. — Paul B. Sears. 



1953. Hall, I. C. A constricted tube with mechanical seal for anaerobic fermentation 

 tests. Jour. Infect. Diseases 29: 317-320. 1921. — The principle of the constricted tube with 

 a mechanical seal devised by the writer in 1915 for aerobic — anaerobic sterility tests is here 

 combined with the fermentation tube. The anaerobic arm is closed with a rubber stopper, 

 thus making it easier to clean and permitting transfers to be made from the closed arm with- 

 out admixture from the medium above the seal exposed to the air. — Selman A. Waksinan. 



1954. Hall, I. C. Criteria in anaerobic fermentation tests. Jour. Infect. Diseases 29: 

 321-343. 1921. — Gas production and titratable acidity cannot be used as criteria in anaerobic 

 fermentation tests; an increase in the H-ion concentration is regarded as the best evidence 

 of such fermentation. — Selman A. Waksman. 



1955. MoRGULis, S. A study of the catalase reaction. Jour. Biol. Chem. 47: 341-375. 

 1921. — A crude preparation from liver was used. Little credence can be given to quantitative 

 results of catalase experiments unless very large differences are demonstrated. — G. B. Rigg. 



1956. Randall, S. B., and I. C. Hall. The use of B. Welchii in the preparation of sugar- 

 free culture meditmi. Jour. Infect. Diseases 29: 344-358. 1921. — It is suggested to use 

 Bacillus Welchii, in place of B. coli, for the preparation of sugar-free broth, the former re- 

 moving the muscle sugar, by fermentation, more eflSciently. — Selman A. Waksman. 



METABOLISM (RESPIRATION) 



1957. Adolph, E. F., and R. M. Ferry. The oxygen dissociation of hemoglobin and the 

 effect of electrolytes upon it. Jour. Biol. Chem. 47: 547-555. 1921. — The equilibrium between 

 oxygen and hemoglobin is a function of that between hemoglobin and electrolytes. — G, B. 

 Rigg. 



1958. BucKMASTER, George a. The absorption curve of haemoglobin and carbon dioxide. 

 Jour. Physiol. 54: xcii-xciii. 1921. — The author finds for about25 points between and 98 mm. 

 pressure of CO2 "that solutions of haemoglobin behave towards this gas according to the 

 Dalton-Henry law." — -Ernest Shaw Reynolds. 



1959. Haggard, H. W., and Y. Henderson. Hemato-respiratory functions. XII. Res- 

 piration and blood alkali during carbon monoxide asphyxia. Jour. Biol. Chem, 47: 421-432. 

 1921. — Oxygen deficiency itself does not directly cause in the tissues and blood an increased 

 production of organic acids. — G. B. Rigg. 



1960. WoLK, P. C. van der. Excretions in plants. Sci. Amer, Monthly 3:417-418. 

 1921. [Translated from Die Umschau (Frankfurt), Jan. 29, 1921.] — Flowers, leaves, fruit, 

 and bark are regarded as excretory organs. — Chas. H. Otis, 



ORGANISM AS A WHOLE 



1961. BoNAzzi, AuGusTO. Studies on Azotobacter chroococcum Beij, Jour. Bact, 6: 

 331-369, Fig. 1-6. 1921. — A series of 18 experiments is reported in which the utilization of 

 glucose and nitrogen is studied. It was found that Azotobacter utilizes the glucose in the 

 building up of its cell substance and in the preparation of non-reducing substances; these 

 "stores" of carbonaceous material are slowly digested in the presence of oxygen during the 

 process of later development. The sugar is undoubted!}' worked over by the cells during the 

 early stages of growth and is then slowly utilized by the cells. It is believed that the sugar 

 apparently lost from a culture in the early stage of development passes through the cells in 



