No. 4, February, 1922] TAXONOMY, VASC. PLANTS 309 



2002. J'oNTANEL, P. La taxonomie et la multiplication des especes en botanique. [Tax- 

 onomy and the multiplication of botanical species.] Nat. Canadien 47: 174-182, 195-204, 224- 

 234, 244-254. 1921. — Canadian and U. S. A. botanists are charged with multiplying and 

 confusing plant nomenclature, partly through ignorance of French and Latin and especially 

 under the influence of the Darwinian hypothesis of evolution which, ignoring the fixity of 

 sp>ecies, tends to multiply described varieties. (A) Cuvier's definition: "A species is the 

 collection of all individuals descended one from the other or from common parents, all of 

 whom resemble them as they resemble each other," he would express as: "The assemblage of 

 individuals which can reproduce from among themselves fertile descendants;" or "the assem- 

 blage of individuals which are not so far differentiated as to cease to produce together similarly 

 reproductive individuals." (B) He next proceeds to show the great variation produced by 

 soils, physical and chemical influences; temperature, general and at special stages of develop- 

 ment; and even organic infections. "It is therefore both proper and prudent to distrust every 

 new species or variety described by a taxonomist who runs rapidly through a region new to 

 him .... lists published at the end of vacation excursions, where the new species 

 are figured by half dozens, if not by thousands like the hawthorns of 'Mont-Royal."' — A. 

 H. MacKay. 



2003. Gleason, H. A. [Rev. of: Deam, Chas. C. The trees of Indiana. Dept. Con- 

 servation Indiana Publ. 13. 317 p., 137 pi. 1921.] Torreya 21: 66-68. 1921.— This 2nd 

 edition, completely rewritten, recognizes 132 species and 20 varieties. Each species is illus- 

 trated by a half-tone plate. The nomenclature is that of the International Code. Descrip- 

 tions are based on Indiana material. Ranges within the State are discussed in detail, and 

 general notes of a popular nature are added. The attitude toward new varieties and forma 

 is conservative, and the treatment has been carried out with extreme care. — /. C. Nelson. 



2004. Hayward, Ida M., and G. Claridge Druce. The adventitious flora of Tweedside. 



Large 8 vo., xxxii+296 p., 791 pi. Buncle & Co.. Arbroath, 1919. — The introduction states 

 that the species enumerated were found by Miss I. M. Hayward, who also supplied the local 

 notes respecting the time and place of occurrence, and the flowering period of the various 

 species. Druce prepared the introduction, classified the plants, and wrote the botanical 

 text and descriptions. The introduction gives the history of Galashiels, which is the chief 

 seat of the tweed industry, an account of sheep and wool, of the methods of ridding wool 

 from various fruits and seeds, and of the manner in which seeds get into streams and germinate 

 on their banks. Three hundred and forty-eight species introduced in wool have been found. 

 These, together with the families and genera to which they belong, are described; also their 

 geographical origin is suggested. One hundred and thirteen species are presumably of 

 Mediterranean origin, 48 eastern European and western Asiatic, 14 central Asiatic, 43 South 

 African, 51 Australasian, 23 North American, 8 Tropical American, 43 South American, and 

 5 unknown. Of these the genus Lepidium afforded a new species each for South America, 

 and Africa, and 2 for Australasia, the island continent also affording a new species of 

 Millotia not yet found in its native home. A new hybrid, Chenopoduim Hayxcardiae 

 Murr (C striatum X C. album), was another interesting discovery. A list of the other 

 introduced species of Tweedside is also given as well as a comparison with the adventive 

 plants enumerated in Thellung's Flore Adventice de Montpellier, 1912. — G. C. Druce. 



2005. HoLMBERG, Otto R. Anteckningar till Nya Skandinaviska Floran. I. [Notes to 

 the New Scandinavian Flora. I.] Bot. Notiser 1920: 161-166. 1920.— As 40 years have elapsed 

 since the last complete edition of Hartman's Handbook, and 30 years since the first part of the 

 12th edition (all that was ever published), and many changes in nomenclature have been 

 made and new knowledge added, the author thought it advisable to publish notes while the 

 New Flora was going to the press. In this first paper he discusses the genus Equisetum, 

 beginning with the names E. limosum L. and E. fluviatile L. He regards the latter as a 

 variety of the former, and not, as many botanists have held, the same as E. 7naximumLani. 

 (= E. Telmateia Ehrh.). He criticizes Hartman for regarding E. fluviatile the species and 

 E. limosum the variety. The author further describes and discusses the following hybrids: 



