THE MONTHLY BULLETIN. 71 



later investigations by Jlr. K. ML Ehrhorn, of the Hawaiian Board of 

 Agriculture and Forestry, found il to be more widely distributed. Bj 

 1912, il had succeeded in becoming established on all the larger islands 

 of the Hawaiian group, and a1 presenl ao section of the Islands is tree 

 from attack. 



With this pesl well established in South America, Africa, southern 

 Europe, Asia Minor, and Australia, the North American continent is 

 the "last large land area" upon which it docs not occur. Yet its 

 presence in the Bermuda and the Hawaiian islands brings the danger 

 within easy range. It would appear that with the recent increase of 

 travel that the fruit fly can not be kept out much longer except by the 

 vigilanl work of state and federal officials. 



FRUITS AFFECTED. 



The list of fruits, nuts and vegetables subject to attack by the 

 .Mediterranean fruit fly is a very long and important one. It includes 

 practically all the ordinary fruits of commerce. The list of 12 fruits, 

 given by Carnes in the first article published l>\ the Monthly Bulletin, 

 as harboring fruit fly in Hawaii, has been added to from time to time 

 until at present the known Hawaiian hosts number 72. The latest 

 addition to the list is the inedible berry of the wild Hawaiian sandal- 

 wood. As the complete list will be available soon in bulletin form, it 

 will not be given here since it would occupy much space and contains 

 many fruits and nuts not grown in California. Tt may be said, however, 

 that almost any fruit in Hawaii may harbor the larvte of the fruit fly, 

 even though it be the nut of a palm, the berry of an ornamental shrub, 

 or the edible fruit of some well known commercial species. Of the fruits 

 of special interesl to California growers, the following have been found 

 variously infested in Hawaii: oranges, grapefruit, lemons, limes, 

 peaches, apples, tins, apricots, bananas, mangoes, avocados, sapotas, 



loquats, persin as, quinces, papyas, pears, plums, grapes, eggplant, 



tomatoes and cotton bolls. 



SOME FRUIT HOSTS NOT BADLY INFESTED EVEN IN HAWAII. 



The mere inclusion of fruits in any list of hosts does not tell 

 the entire truth, and may often give a very false impression or even 

 work an injustice. It is a satisfaction to record, therefore, that certain 

 of the fruits listed above are of importance chiefly because they may 

 carry the fruit fly larvae under certain conditions, and not because they 

 an' rendered worthless by the fruit fly for ordinary local consumption 

 within the quarantined area. Thus cotton bolls have not been found 

 infested in Hawaii unless they have first been damaged by the pink 

 boll worm (Gelechia gossypiella) , and eggplants are so rarely infested 

 that growers consider their fruits free from attack. An examination 

 by ('. Iv Pemberton of 1,235 fruits proved but .me to lie slightly infested. 



Grapes. 



'fie Isabella variety of grape (Vitis labrusca) is commonly grown 



throughout the residential and badly infested portions of Honolulu, 

 and commercially for wine on the Island of .Maui, yet infestation among 

 the berries, even when very ripe, U nof sufficient to attract the attention 

 of growers. A fruit fly inspector, speciallj detailed for the search, 



2—29103 



