12 THE M0NTHL1 BULLETIN. 



hunted four clays during the harvesting season in Honolulu suburbs 

 for berries thai appeared infested. He found bu1 978 berries, and an 

 examination of 201 of these, under a lense, made by II. P. Willard, 

 brought to liglrl only five larvae of the fruit fly. Decay in most instances 

 appeared to be due to bird peeks, cracking of the skin, and the decay 

 that follows the work of deea\ (lies (Drosophilids) . 



During the past harvesting season for "Malaga" grapes in Spain 

 the writer examined many thousands of berries exposed for sale upon 

 the markets of Seville, Granada, Valencia, Barcelona and Cadiz, withoul 

 finding infestation excepl in one instance at Cadiz. In this last market 

 a thousand berries were collected which, because of decay indications, 

 had the appearance of being infested. An examination of their con- 

 tents, however, proved them free from fruit fly larva 1 , except in the case 

 of a single berry, and that contained one well grown larva- of Ceratitis 

 capital a. It is very doubtful whether the grapes of Hawaii or Spain 

 would ever become infested unless the berries were first injured by other 

 agencies. 



Avocados. 



The avocado, the development of which has taken such strides during 

 the past few years in California, is fortunately not one of the fruits that 

 ordinarily become badly infested. Even under the most trying 

 Hawaiian conditions infestation usually occurs so late in the develop- 

 ment of the fruit that the infestation has progressed little by the time the 

 fruits are softened enough for the table. It thus happens that, although 

 local consumption is not interfered with, many thousand fruit fly eggs 

 and very small larva? are eaten unwittingly. 



Pineapples. 



The pineapple lias been included by several entomologists among 

 published lists of host fruits. Inasmuch as fresh pineapples are being 

 shipped into California, it has been the purpose of the federal authorities 

 to secure data that shall definitely place this fruit either among the non- 

 host fruits, or among those subject to attack. No pineapple has been 

 found in Hawaii infested with the .Mediterranean, or any other, fruit 

 fly. Fruits in all decrees of ripeness have been hung in jars containing 

 female dies, but in no instance has infestation of the pulp resulted. 

 .Many larva' have been transferred to pineapple pulp, but they were 

 not able to subsist upon it and in all cases died, even though they had 

 become quite well grown when transferred and were therefore very 

 hardy. While there is a fruit fly in Australia that does attack pine- 

 apple, the pineapples of Hawaii at the present time are free from 

 danger as transporters of the Mediterranean fruit fly within their pulp 

 and must not be considered among host fruits. Inasmuch as fresh 

 pineapples are shipped to the mainland they have been included in the 

 quarantines of the Federal Horticultural Board in order that the 

 danger of transporting the fruit My in the wrapping material may be 

 reduced to a minimum. 



Papayas. 



Papayas belong to a class of fruits that are well protected by Nature 

 from fruit fly attack until they are quite ripe, The papaya fruit fly 

 ! Toxotrypana curvicauda) , which is a pest of this fruit in Florida and 

 Centra] American and West Indian localities, does not occur in Hawaii. 



