7S THE MONTHLY BULLETIN. 



Yet, during October, 1914, Mr. Giffard and the writer found the para- 

 sites abundant throughout the coffee plantations which extended for 

 about 15 miles in either direction from the point of original liberation. 

 Coffee berries collected in November, 1914, by the writer from four 

 places covering a range of about 30 miles, yielded larva 1 of the fruit fly 

 which were parasitized to the extent of 97.8, 98.1, 76.6 and 83.4 per 

 cent, respectively. While the larvae within thin-meated fruits are thus 

 heavily parasitized, the work of the past three years indicates that 

 those in the larger fruits are much less so. -The parasitism among 

 peaches, for instance, during 1916, as shown by Pemberton and Willard, 

 amounted to but 9.1 per cent. It is, therefore, a question whether the 

 excellent work of the parasites in killing the fly larvae within such fruits 

 as coffee berries will not be offset by their failure to work satisfactorily 

 in such fruits as the peach or orange. Immense numbers of parasites 

 are being reared and liberated continuously by the Island authorities, 

 and it is hoped that the practical assistance that the parasites are already 

 giving the coffee growers may later be brought to growers of other fruits. 

 However, whatever the actual outcome of the Hawaiian situation, there 

 will have accumulated for the service of mainland fruit growers such 

 a fund of information upon the various phases of fruit fly control as 

 was nut available when the fight in Hawaii was first inaugurated. 



WORK OF THE FEDERAL HORTICULTURAL BOARD TO MINIMIZE 

 THE DANGER OF SPREAD TO THE COAST IN HAWAII. 



The work of the Federal Horticultural Board in Hawaii was inaugu- 

 rated during 1912. Upon the passage of the Plant Quarantine Act, 

 which became operative on October 1, 1912, the federal government 

 resumed responsibility for enforcing the quarantines established against 

 the entrance at mainland ports of all Hawaiian fruits, nuts and vege- 

 tables subject to fruit fly attack. 



For some months before this date, the Hawaiian Board of Agriculture, 

 in cooperation with the California State Commission of Horticulture, 

 had been endeavoring to lessen the opportunities for spread to the 

 mainland by clean cultural work throughout the city of Honolulu, and 

 by inspections of markets and ships' stores, and the baggage of passen- 

 gers sailing for tin- mainland. In a way, this work was a huge experi- 

 ment which depended for its successful outcome upon the hearty cooper- 

 ation of the populace, since much of it had to be done without the 

 supporl of federal or territorial law. and under most trying conditions. 



Admirable as was the spirit behind these control measures, and 

 earnestly as they were put into practice, all authorities interested in 

 the subject of control, even the California official sent to Hawaii by the 

 Federal Horticultural Board to investigate the situation, came gradually 

 to realize that the energy and mouey expended upon this work in 

 Hawaii would yield better results if concentrated on the inspection of 

 ships from Hawaii entering coast ports. The excellent inspection serv- 

 ice of California, alreadj in operation in 1912, has been developed in 

 cooperation with the Federal Horticultural Board until it has become 

 the most complete system in existence. 



Two phases of the work started by the Hawaiian authorities, have 

 been continued and perfected by the Federal Horticultural Board. 

 They pertain to the certification of banana and pineapple shipments to 

 California and the problems arising in rendering these as free from 



