THE MONTI II i .TIN. 329 



been more than doubled, and more than tripled when the scale was based on 12*. 

 per cent. In Orange and Riversidi i u: ti ■ tver, the local districts coincide 



reasonably well with the county averages. Second : While a small number of samples 



have passed the S I test, there maj m i Si ber of samples 



containing above th le solids to bring the fruit within 



the exemptions permitted under the sliding scale. In other words, in some districts, 



i ruit would not ed the 8- 1 standard ; in other 



districts, poorer I'niii would not bi tson that it does not contain 



a sufficient amount of soluble solids to come within thi d classes. 



Considering the matter as a whole, while there are undoubtedly exceptions to the 

 rule, it does not seem thai the adi I the sliding scales as hi nted, 



would materially increase the volume of early shipments. Of course, it can be said 

 that the exemption lufficiently liberal to permit any considerable increase. 



but as has I n previously stated, the purpose of the standard is first of all the 



protection of the consumer, and when we e. insider th averages of all of the districts, 

 I seem thai a sliding scale is worthy of adoption, which is based on less than 

 solids, or certainly not on less than 12* per cent; for, if percent- 

 ages lower than those are considered, the scales will lie based on fruit which is not 

 much above the at that senl from California during the shipping season. 



Among other suggested standards which have been offered as a substitute for the 

 v| standard, is tie indard. It is a well-recognized fact that the oranges 



in the several districts of California do net color with equal rapidity. In some 



districts th anges color before tie,' sweeten; in other districts, they are quite 



sweet before colored, and the trouble with the color standard is that it will permit 

 the shipment of verj sour oranges from ricts and will prohibit the shipment 



of sweeter material from other districts. 1 1 is possible, however, that this discrepancy 



may be taken care of by sweating in districts where tl loring is not so rapid, and 



that the market will take care of the sour and more poorly-colored fruit. 



The following summary is made from data collected (luring three years' work on 

 the color samples of oranges received tit the laboratory. In the summary 



the term "substantially colored" is used I ' "lor in excess of 75 per cent. ■ This 



is merely a relative term and the division is made at this point solely for the reason 

 that it was considered that oranges which had colored to this extent might be shipped 

 without sweating. 



In Butte County, -I samples of substandard were substantially colored 



against 29 sane. I.- oi andard oi , and but two of the standard samples con- 



tained less than 7r. per cent color, in Sacramento County, the ratio is very different, 

 for 38 samples of substt inges were substantially colored while all of the 



standard samples (12 in number) were above 7.". per cent. In I'lacer County, the 

 ratio of fully-colored substandard sam] les to fully-colored standard samples is 9 to 3 ; 

 in Solano County, 1 to ... In Fresno County, on the other hand, but 12 samples 

 that were be:. 1 standard were ntially colored: while 34 standard 



samples wnv nark. Tulare County, which is one of (lie districts where 



the fruit ! weet before it chan -hows but 40 substandard samples 



colored above 75 per cent, and 444 standard had reached that color. In Los Angeles 

 County, 117 -ui, standard samples wei 7:. per cent to 100 per cent colored, a-ainst 

 360 standard samples of lie I In Orange County, there were but 



substanda tandard samples of the same 



color. In San Bernardino County, he rati i 10 to 191. In Riverside County. 

 only 1 substandard -ample was substantial^ - samples above standard 



had reached 75 » In Ventura County, the ratio is 15 to 53. 



Considering tle.se data from another point <■( view, it was seen that in Butte 

 County, with the sa ow a ratio of 6 1 the greater part are very green; with 



a ratio of (i-7. the oranges are about evenly distributed between the four classes of 



color- from 7-8, il ritj are fully colored. The standard are practically 



all substantially colored. The same is true of Sacramento County when fruit below 

 a ratio of 0-1 red, but when il I from 0-7, a greater part 



(that is 19 out of L'l samplesl is substantially colored: from a ratio of ,-s.. lb out 

 of 17 were substantial^ colored, while all lie ' fruits had reached that color. 



In Placer County, true for fruit below the 0-1 ratio: between 



a ratio of 6-7, the samples wei ,,or - ,mt rrom J -8 "". ab0 T e 



standard, all samples were fully colored. In f unty, the color begins to 



,e,,t O the samples 



were fully colored, and above 8-1. over 80 pel nt had reached the last stage of 



color. In Tulare County, below 6 1 no samples arc substantially colored; samples 

 having a rati.. 7, only 7 p I substantially colored; between ,-S 



2—31581 



