THE MONTHLY BULLETIN. 



383 



adjoining rice paddies. In addition to the above means of eliminating surplus 

 water, the trees when first set out are planted upon mounds about two feet 

 in height. As the trees become older these mounds are increased in size, so 

 that when mature the trees are upon mounds five or six feet high. It can not 

 be said, however, that this practice is satisfactory, as the groves observed were 

 invariably in very poor physical condition and of low producing power. 

 Naturally the quality of the fruit was very poor. 



Fig. 126. Orange trees in the Foochow district of China. 

 Note the drainage basin in the foreground. The trees are 

 planted on mounds averaging about two feet in height, but 

 as they grow older the size of the mound is increased. Those 

 shown in the photograph are about six feet in height. (Orig- 

 inal.) 



The pomelo is largely grown in the river sections above Amoy and Swatow, 

 and the methods of culture employed are quite different from those used in the 

 orange-producing sections farther north. The level lands adjacent to the rivers 

 are devoted almost exclusively to the production of this and other fruits. In 

 these groves clean culture is invariably practiced. The trees were found to be 

 large, heavy bearing and in excellent physical condition, and many of these 

 groves would compare favorably with any found in California. 



Pest Control. 

 The insect pests of citrus are not nearly so numerous or destructive as in 

 Japan and it is very seldom that an infestation becomes bad enough to cause 

 serious injury. One exception to this, however, is a large Cerambycid borer, 

 which does very extensive injury in all sections. The larva? bore into the 

 trunk and larger branches and often girdle the tree, eventually killing it. 

 Control, when undertaken, is by cutting out the larvse with a knife or chisel. 



FORMOSA. 



Citrus culture has not as yet come to be of any commercial importance in 

 Formosa, and the fruit produced is of an inferior quality. The varieties are the 

 same as are grown in China and the original stock was undoubtedly brought 

 over when the island was under the control of that country. No large plant- 

 ings were observed in any part of the island, most of the trees being in small 

 groups about the houses, etc. One of the best plantings was found at Musha, a 

 small savage village in the center of the island at an elevation of about 

 forty-five hundred feet. The trees were heavily loaded with fruit of rather 

 small size, but none of these were ripe at the time of the writer's visit and the 

 flavor and quality could therefore not be determined. 



The agricultural experiment station at Taihoku is engaged in a study of the 

 various citrus varieties in the hope of securing some which will be adaptable 

 to the climatic conditions of the island. An effort was made to establish the 

 lemon in that section, but the trees failed to grow and produce fruit satis- 

 factorily. 



