452 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [june 



curved longitudinal bandlike similar thickenings (representing the lateral mar- 

 gins of the primary pit areas) C. MtJLLER (1890) was the author of the 



name "Sanio's Bars" and, as he explicitly stated, he coined the term to designate 

 these structures,^ as first discovered by Sanio in Piniis silvestris (1873-74). 



Jeffrey (7), however, still maintains that the bandlike thicken- 

 ings of the middle lamella in the Ginkgoales, Abieteae, Taxoideae, 

 Cupresseae, and Taxaceae are typical ''bars of Sanio." Sifton 

 (14) considers that the rims of neighboring primary pit areas unite 

 to form bars and uses the latter term in referring to bandlike thick- 

 enings of the middle lamella that occur in Araiicaria and Cycas. 



Bars of Sanio vs. trabeculae. — The fact that the term bars 

 of Sanio is used by certain investigators in referring to trabeculae 

 and by others in describing entirely different structures is unfortu- 

 nate and likely to lead to considerable confusion. In a paper, 

 published in 1863, Sanio (12, p. 17) described trabeculae as: ''Quer- 

 balkens quer durch den Zellenraum von einer Wandung zur andern 

 verlaufen." In 1890, Muller (9) referred to these structures as 

 Sanio'sche Balken; and later Penhallow (id) called them Sanio's 

 bands. It is evident that Sanio and Muller used the word Balken 

 (beams) to designate rodlike structures that are attached at their 

 ends and cross the lumens of cells. In view of this fact, and that 

 Sanio used the word Querleisten (cross-pieces or cleats) in referring 

 to bandlike thickenings of the middle lamella, the terms "bars 

 of Sanio" and Sanio'sche Balkeji are not necessarily synonymous. 

 As has been pointed out by Groom and Rushton, however, 

 Jeffrey and his students were undoubtedly mistaken in supposing 

 that the bandlike thickenings of the middle lamella had been named 

 after Sanio. This conclusion is strengthened by the fact that the 

 phrase "diese scheibenformige Verdickung der Scheidewand ist 

 bisher iibersehen" (used by Sanio [13, p. 78] in referring to the 

 torus) was interpreted as indicating that Sanio considered him- 

 self the discoverer of the bandhke thickenings of the middle lamella; 

 whereas, as a matter of fact, he expressly stated (13, p. 74) that 

 ''Deartige Bildungen hat bereits linger gesehen, aber nicht zu deu- 

 ten gewusst." 



Although the use of the term "bars of Sanio" was undoubtedly 

 unfortunate, Jeffrey and his students do not appear ever to have 



» Trabeculae. 



