146 HORTICULTURE [BoT. Absts., Vol. VII, 



vidual apples produced on a tree and the weight on seeds in each fruit. Since the number of 

 good seeds and weight of seeds are correlated, this correlation would probably hold between 

 weight of fruit and number of good seeds.— (13) Weather, including temperature, wind, sun- 

 shine, etc., exerts a marked influence, through its effect on the length of the blooming 

 period, light and bee activity, on the number of good seeds and the weight of seeds in indi- 

 vidual'apples on a tree. More good seeds and a greater weight are produced in warm sunny 

 seasons when the pistils are more receptive and the bees can work longer and more effec- 

 tively.— (14) With the same crops per tree and the same cultural practices, thus keeping good 

 vigorous spurs, the size of the individual apples of a tree should be larger in those seasons 

 which have good weather at pollination time.— (15) If the crops per tree are much larger in 

 certain seasons than others, then the fruit will not be larger, even though there are more 

 good seeds and a greater weight of seeds. The correlation between weight of seeds and 

 weight of individual apples will hold true, however, in each of the separate years.— £', C. 

 Auchter. 



955. Balme, Juan. El frambueso y su cultivo, [The raspberry and its culture.] Rev. 

 Agric. [Mexico] 5: 120-123. 1 fig. 1919.— A popular account of the cultivation of the rasp- 

 berry in Mexico, including varieties recommended and uses of the iruit.— John A. Stevenson. 



956. Beckwith, Charles S. The effect of fertilizers on blueberries. Soil Sci. 10:309- 

 313. PL 1. 1920.— Field experiments are reported, indicating that the use of fertilizers 

 increases the yield of blueberries. With 170 pounds of sodium nitrate, 230 pounds of dried 

 blood, 340 pounds of steamed bone, 340 pounds of phosphate rock, and 170 pounds of Nebraska 

 potash per acre, the yield was tripled.— TF. J. Robbins. 



957. Brierley, W. G. Comparison of fall, winter and spring pruning of apple trees in 

 Minnesota. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 16: 102-104 (1919) 1920.— Experiments were con- 

 ducted in Minnesota to see what the effect would be of pruning apple trees during the dif- 

 ferent months of the fall, winter, and early summer. The author concludes as follows: 

 "The conclusions to be drawn from these observations are that pruning in fall or winter in 

 Minnesota is not detrimental to tree vigor, maturity of shoots, hardiness of growth or wound 

 healing, and that the tips of shoots pruned in the fall and winter do not die back more than 

 the tips of shoots pruned at other times. Apparently the apple grower in Minnesota can 

 prune at a time most convenient for him, just as the growers in the East, South and West 

 are doing." — E. C. Auchter. 



958. Chandler, W. H. Some results as to the response of fruit trees to pruning. Proc. 

 Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 16:88-101. (1919) 1920.— A progress report .is given of the pruning 

 experiments now being carried on at the Cornell University Experiment Station. The general 

 purpose of the experiment, as given, is to test systems of training for some of the different 

 fruits. In addition to merely keeping fruit yields and top growth, other data are being 

 taken, in order to find out if possible the fundamental activities that determine yield or top 

 growth.— Attention is drawn to the fact that the response of a tree to dormant or early sum- 

 mer pruning is an appearance of greater vigor. The leaves are larger and greener, and the 

 twigs continue length growth later into the season. The general opinion is that this 

 increased vigor is explained by the fact that a reduced number of growing points and a 

 reduced cambial area make use of the reserve food supply of the tree. The author gives 

 tables to show the pounds of dry weight, pounds of starch, and pounds of saccharose in the 

 one-year twigs, older branches, trunk, large roots, and small roots of a seven-year-old Bis- 

 marck apple tree. The total amount of starch in the one-year twigs was relatively small, 

 and if all the twigs were removed, the reduction in total carbohydrates for the tree would be 

 small. Yet if all the twigs were pruned off, a greatly increased vigor would result. Although 

 there would be a slight increase in carbohydrate supply for the opening buds, after pruning, 

 still, the author states, it does not seem probable that this slight increase in reserve carbohy- 

 drate supply could account for the increase in vigor of twig growth, for this reserve, according 

 to Price, is quickly exhausted. Price shows that practically all the starch disappears 



