274 HORTICULTURE [Box. Absts., Vol. VII, 



E. Portugal. Further study may reveal additional types. Propagation has been by both 

 layers and cuttings and the various types root with varying degrees of success. The 

 value of these several types for different varieties of pears will now be tested. — J. K. Shaw. 



1913. Hatton, Ronald G. Suggestions for the right selection of apple stocks. Jour. 

 Roy. Hort. Soc. 45: 257-268. Fig. 46-61. 1919.— In the popular mind there are three types 

 of stocks: (1) paradise or dwarfing stocks for bush trees only; (2) free growing stocks for 

 standard trees; and (3) crab stock from tips or suckers of the "true wild crab" for the same 

 purpose as (2). Investigation shows that there are eight or nine types of paradise in general 

 use, varying in vigor from those from free stocks to those forcing vigorous varieties into 

 bearing the second year. No correlation was found between the vigor of growth and the 

 type of root system; the same proved to be true of free and crab stocks. Many of the free 

 stocks showed root knots and exhibited the possibility of easy vegetative propagation. Al- 

 though strong growing varieties may largely obliterate the inequalities in stocks, differences 

 again become apparent in the second and third year. It was found possible to raise stocks 

 of deep anchorage by layers and other vegetative methods. — J. K. Shaw. 



1914. Hooker, Henry D. Methods of approach to horticultural problems. Proc. Amer. 

 Soc. Hort. Sci. 16: 140-145. (1919) 1920.— Attention is drawn to the fact that there is wide 

 diversity of opinion among leading horticulturists of the country on many^f the fundamental 

 questions of orchard management. Several examples, notably bud selection, orchard prun- 

 ing, and orchard fertilization, are cited. The author states, "with these experiments, the 

 knowledge of the fundamental changes within the plant is wanting and it is only by means of 

 this knowledge that we can judge the value of the effects procured. It is only by paying 

 attention to the changes going on inside of the organism and by obtaining exact information 

 of what these changes are, that uniformity of conclusions must result." It is suggested that 

 in attacking problems of nutrition and physiological regulation of fruit trees, a diagnosis 

 should first be made and then the effects of various treatments determined. Finally, appli- 

 cation to specific cases is possible with the above knowledge. — 'The value of the work of Kraus 

 and Kraybill in this direction is pointed out. It is suggested that in the case of fruits, 

 analysis of fruit spurs and buds could be made in order to secure an exact indication of the 

 prevailing physiological conditions. The effects of various treatments on the chemical com- 

 position of the plant should then be determined. With this information, the author says, 

 "Eventually it should be possible to analyze a few fruit spurs from a tree and to know imme- 

 diately wherein the physiological condition of that tree is abnormal with respect to maximum 

 productiv ty and to know what treatments will correct the abnormality." — E. C. Auchter. 



1915. Howard, W. L. Progress report on rootstock experiment. Monthly Bull. Cali- 

 , ^ornia State Commission Hort. 8 : 13-14. 1919.— The following results were obtained with vari- 

 eties and stocks from one to four years of age: Bartlett on quince stocks are failing rapidly, 

 ■whereas those on Japanese and French stocks show healthy growth; Royal Ann thrives equally 

 well on Mazzard and Mahaleb, as does the almond on Myrobalan, peach, and almond stocks; a 

 Royal apricot and Burbank plum thrive best on peach stock. Asphaltum used on trees as a 

 protection against rabbits or borers has no injurious effect on the bark. — E. L. Overholaer. 



1916. Howard, W. L. What root stocks are we using? Nation. Nurseryman 28 •■^: 288- 

 ■290. 1920. — A survey showing the percentage of root stocks in use for the various deciduous 

 fruits of California three years ago, and the changes which occurred during that period. 

 Recommendations are made in regard to the best usage.— J. H. Gourley. 



1917. Jackson, V. G. Cultivation of the vine in America. [Rev. of: Hedrick. U. P. 

 Manual of American grape-growing, xiii + 45S p., 32 pi. Macmillan Co.: New York and 

 London, 1919.] Nature 105: 674. 1920. 



1918. Jones, J. F. The heart-nut. Amer. Nut Jour. 10: 36. 1919.— Heart-nut, Jnglans 

 •cordiformis, is a "sport" or variation from /. Sieholdiana, the common Japan walnut It is 

 a very regular and prolific I earer, the nuts being heart-shaped, smooth, brown in color, and 

 •of excellent quality. The author advises its propagation.— i?. L. Overholser. 



