No. 3, April, 1921] MORPHOLOGY, ETC., VASC. PLANTS 279 



because of its tall stems which bear large, overlapping, creamy white bracts. The flowers are 

 small and inconspicuous. The plants are entirely hardy and are propagated mainly by 

 division of established crowns. — E. J. Kraus. 



1953. Rogers, S. S. Vegetable seed improvement. Monthly Bull. California State 

 Commission Hort. 8: 302-303. 1919. 



HORTICULTURAL PRODUCTS 



1954. Cruess, W. V. The evaporation of vegetables. Monthly Bull. California State 

 Commission Hort. 8: 93-100. 1919.— During the war the great demand for dried vegetables 

 greatly stimulated production. The vegetables are peeled, blanched 3-8 minutes to destroy 

 the oxidase which otherwise brings about discoloration and disagreeable flavor, and dried. 

 The temperature of the evaporator is gradually raised from 120-150° F. Discoloration and 

 decomposition of the products result when temperature goes beyond 150° F. Dried pota- 

 toes should contain less than 10 per cent of moisture, other vegetables less than 8 per cent. 

 Immediately after being dried the products are packed in insect-free and moisture-free con- 

 tainers. In the presence of moisture, fungous growth results. — E. L. Overholser. 



1955. Wood, M. N. Shall we dry peaches ripe or moderately green? Monthly Bull. 

 California State Commission Hort. 8: 116-117. 1919.— The dried products from ripe peaches 

 give a larger yield, have better quality, and are more attractive. — E. L. Overholser. 



1956. Young, W.J. Products and utilization of Muscadine grapes. South Carolina Agric- 

 Exp. Sta. Bull. 206. 37 p. Fig. 1-4. 1920.— The possibilities of muscadine grapes for home 

 and commercial products, and the equipment needed for producing them, are discussed. 

 The characteristics of different varieties making them suitable for various uses are given, 

 as well as directions for the making of such products as grape juices, jellies, canned grapes, 

 flavoring syrups, grape paste, marmalade, preserves, jams, spiced grapes, conserves, mince 

 meat, and catsup.^D. B. Rosenkrans. 



MORPHOLOGY, ANATOMY, AND HISTOLOGY OF VASCULAR 



PLANTS 



E. W. SiNNOTT, Editor 



1957. Bailey, I. W. The cambium and its derivative tissues. II. Size variations of 

 cambial initials in gymnosperms and angiosperms. Amer. Jour. Bot. 7: 355-367. 3 fig. 1920. 

 — The author calls attention to the striking differences in size of secondary xylem cells which 

 characterize various groups of woody plants, and to the fact that in the evolutionary series 

 from gymnosperm tracheid to angiosperm vessel there has been a radical decrease in length. 

 Certain of these size variations are thus evidently germinal, whereas others are somatic or 

 environmental. The size of a given secondary xylem cell is evidently determined by (1) the 

 size of the cambium initial from which it develops and (2) the changes which take place during 

 its differentiation. The author has made a reconnaissance survey covering 32 families, in 

 which he has measured the length of the cambium initials, the vessel segments, and the tra- 

 cheids or fiber tracheids. Great differences in the length and volume of the cells were 

 observed. In Ginkgo and the Coniferae the length of the cambial initials closely resembles 

 that of the last formed tracheids. In most dicotyledons the initials are considerably shorter 

 than the fiber tracheids but are of about the same length as the vessel segments.— The author 

 calls attention to the fact that the cambium "appears to be an unusually favorable medium 

 for the study of problems relating to cell size and body size, the working sphere of the nucleus, 

 the nucleo-cytoplasmic relation, and phenomena of cytokinesis in somatic tissues." — E. W. 

 Sinnott. 



